Assessment of Good Practice Guidelines for Administration of Drugs via Feeding Tubes by a Clinical Pharmacist in the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: In intensive care units, patients are frequently unable to take oral drugs because of orotracheal intubation or sedation.

Local Problem: Adverse events occurred during the administration of drugs by feeding tube. This study assessed the impact of implementing good practice guidelines by a clinical pharmacist on the prescription and administration of drugs through feeding tubes.

SARS-CoV-2 Renal Impairment in Critical Care: An Observational Study of 42 Cases (Kidney COVID).

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to 5% to 16% hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU) and is associated with 23% to 75% of kidney impairments, including acute kidney injury (AKI). The current work aims to precisely characterize the renal impairment associated to SARS-CoV-2 in ICU patients. Forty-two patients consecutively admitted to the ICU of a French university hospital who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between 25 March 2020, and 29 April 2020, were included and classified in categories according to their renal function.

[Erratum to "Acute renal failure during COVID-19 epidemic" [Prat. Anesth. Reanim. 24 (2020) 207-11]].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.pratan.

[Intensive Care Unit patients' relatives' relationship in the settings of restrictive conditions].

Social distancing steps have been set during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Patients' families brought their relatives to the emergency department and did not see them again for weeks due to lockdown of the whole population. Caregivers understood and approved the restriction of visits in ICU, in order to limit epidemic spreading, worried by overwhelming of their capacity would be overwhelmed and that they would not be able to admit all the patients requiring intensive care.

[Acute renal failure during COVID-19 epidemic].

Renal impairment is a common complication in patients hospitalized in intensive care unit for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 infection. However, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 kidney injury is difficult to estimate worldwide. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved, including decreased renal perfusion related to mechanical ventilation, sepsis and cytokines release, as well as direct virus toxicity on proximal tubular cells and podocytes, mediated by angiotensin 2 conversion receptors (ACE 2) and TMPRSS proteases.

Clinicians' Perception and Experience of Organ Donation From Brain-Dead Patients.

Objective: ICU clinicians are primarily involved in organ donation after brain death of ICU patients. Their perceptions of organ donation may affect outcomes. Our objective was to describe ICU clinician's perceptions and experience of organ donation.

Major bleeding complications in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants: One-year observational study in a Paris Hospital.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DAOC) are indicated for the treatment of venous thromboembolism and the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Given their advantages and friendly use for patient, the prescription of long term DOAC therapy has rapidly increased both as first line treatment while initiating anticoagulation and as a substitute to vitamins K antagonist (VKA) in poorly controlled patients. However, DOAC therapy can also be associated with significant bleeding complications, and in the absence of specific antidote at disposal, treatment of serious hemorrhagic complications under DOAC remains complex.

First experience of liver transplantation with type 2 donation after cardiac death in France.

Organ donation after unexpected cardiac death [type 2 donation after cardiac death (DCD)] is currently authorized in France and has been since 2006. Following the Spanish experience, a national protocol was established to perform liver transplantation (LT) with type 2 DCD donors. After the declaration of death, abdominal normothermic oxygenated recirculation was used to perfuse and oxygenate the abdominal organs until harvesting and cold storage.

French survey of the first three-years of liver transplantation activity from uncontrolled donors deceased after cardiac death.

Objective: To assess the first three years of French activity related to liver transplantation from uncontrolled donation after cardiac death (uDCD).

Study Design: Prospective and observational study in the three active centres authorized by the French Biomedicine Agency.

Patients And Methods: All patients deceased between 2010 and 2012 after an uncontrolled cardiac arrest admitted to one of three centres (Pitié-Salpêtrière, Saint-Louis or Bicêtre hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France) and potentially eligible for liver recovery were included.

Kidney allograft fibrosis after transplantation from uncontrolled circulatory death donors.

Background: Existing data suggest that increased interstitial fibrosis may occur abnormally in renal transplants from donations after uncontrolled circulatory death (uDCD).

Methods: To evaluate the factors that are associated with the progression of fibrosis and its functional impact on renal grafts, we compared 76 uDCD recipients with 86 recipients of kidney donations after brain death at 1-year after transplantation. Groups were matched for donor age, rank of transplantation, and absence of human leukocyte antigen sensitization.

Computed tomography evaluation of high-grade esophageal necrosis after corrosive ingestion to avoid unnecessary esophagectomy.

Background: Esophagectomy is the standard of care for high-grade corrosive esophageal necrosis as assessed endoscopically. However, the inaccuracy of endoscopy in determining the depth of intramural necrosis may lead to unnecessary esophageal resection, with devastating consequences. Our aim was to evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) for the emergency diagnostic workup of endoscopic high-grade corrosive esophageal necrosis.

[Perioperative conflicts between anaesthesiologists and surgeons: ethics and professionalism].

In the perioperative period, several potential conflicts between anaesthetists/intensive care specialists and surgeons may exist. They are detrimental to the quality of patient care and to the well-being of the teams. They are a source of medical errors and contribute to burn-out.

Critical appraisal of organ procurement under Maastricht 3 condition.

The ethics committee of the French Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Sfar) has been requested by the French Biomedical Agency to consider the issue of organ donation in patients after the decision to withdraw life-supportive therapies has been taken. This type of organ donation is performed in the USA, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Belgium. The three former countries have published recommendations formalizing procedures and operations.

A multicentre study of acute kidney injury in severe sepsis and septic shock: association with inflammatory phenotype and HLA genotype.

Background: To investigate the association between severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) and outcome, systemic inflammatory phenotype and HLA genotype in severe sepsis.

Methodology/principal Findings: Prospective multicenter observational study done in 4 intensive care units in two university hospitals. Severe sepsis and septic shock patients with at least 2 organ failures based on the SOFA score were classified: 1) "no AKI", 2) "mild AKI" (grouping stage 1 and 2 of AKIN score) and 3) "severe AKI" (stage 3 of AKIN score).

[Critical appraisal of organ procurement under Maastricht 3 condition].

The ethics committee of the French Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (Sfar) has been requested by the French Biomedical Agency to consider the issue of organ donation in patients after a decision of withdrawing life supporting therapies has been taken. This category of organ donation is performed in the USA, Canada, United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Belgium. The three former countries have published recommendations, which formalize procedures and operations.

Preliminary results of transplantation with kidneys donated after cardiocirculatory determination of death: a French single-centre experience.

Background: Donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD), formerly non-heart-beating donation and donation after cardiac death, has been re-introduced into clinical practice in France since June 2006 as a potential solution to organ shortage, but this kidney transplantation programme is not popular yet, mainly because of logistical concerns and uncertainty about the long-term warm ischaemia impact on transplanted kidneys.

Methods: Our institution started the DCDD programme in January 2007, following the national 'BioMedicine Agency' protocol. We only considered uncontrolled donors with an initial no-flow period (i.

Pulsatile perfusion preservation for expanded-criteria donors kidneys: Impact on delayed graft function rate.

Purpose: Expanded criteria donors (ECD) kidneys are a potential solution to organ shortage, but exhibit more delayed graft function (DGF). We conducted a prospective controlled study aiming to evaluate the impact of pulsatile perfusion preservation (PPP) on DGF rate.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were: 1) ECD definition (any brain-dead donor aged > 60 years or aged 50-60 years with at least 2 of the following: history of hypertension, terminal serum creatinin level = 1.

Important questions asked by family members of intensive care unit patients.

Objectives: Relatives often lack important information about intensive care unit patients. High-quality information is crucial to help relatives overcome the often considerable situational stress and to acquire the ability to participate in the decision-making process, most notably regarding the appropriate level of care. We aimed to develop a list of questions important for relatives of patients in the intensive care unit.

Selected medical errors in the intensive care unit: results of the IATROREF study: parts I and II.

Rationale: Although intensive care units (ICUs) were created for patients with life-threatening illnesses, the ICU environment generates a high risk of iatrogenic events. Identifying medical errors (MEs) that serve as indicators for iatrogenic risk is crucial for purposes of reporting and prevention.

Objectives: We describe the selection of indicator MEs, the incidence of such MEs, and their relationship with mortality.

Kidney retrieval after sudden out of hospital refractory cardiac arrest: a cohort of uncontrolled non heart beating donors.

Introduction: To counter the shortage of kidney grafts in France, a non heart beating donor (NHBD) program has recently been implemented. The aim of this study was to describe this pilot program for kidney retrieval from "uncontrolled" NHBD meaning those for whom attempts of resuscitation after a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) have failed (Maastricht 1 and 2), in a centre previously trained for retrieval from brain dead donors.

Methods: A prospective, monocentric, descriptive study concerning NHBD referred to our institution from February 2007 to June 2008.

[Feasibility of out-of-hospital management of non-heart-beating donors in Seine-Saint-Denis: one year retrospective study].

The use of non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) could help shorten the list of patients who are waiting for a kidney transplant. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of prehospital management of non-heart-beating donors in Seine-Saint-Denis area. We performed a retrospective cohort study of non-heart-beating donor managed by prehospital medical team of Samu 93 from February 2007 to January 2008.