Ruptured Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Causing Hemorrhage Into a Pancreatic Pseudocyst.

This case report describes fatal exsanguination due to splenic artery hemorrhage into a pancreatic pseudocyst with cystogastrostomy in a 46-year-old woman. The decedent had a complicated medical history including necrotizing pancreatitis, giant pseudocyst formation after cystogastrostomy procedure, and coiling of a hemorrhagic splenic artery. While hospitalized, she underwent embolization of a ruptured splenic artery pseudoaneurysm.

Immunomodulatory regulation by heat-labile enterotoxins and potential therapeutic applications.

: Heat-labile enterotoxins (HLTs) and their cognate ganglioside receptors have been extensively studied because of their therapeutic potential. Gangliosides play arole in modulating effector cells of the immune system, and HLTs provide a novel means for stimulating ganglioside-mediated responses in immunocompetent cells.: To evaluate the mechanisms of HLT adjuvanticity, a systemic literature review was performed using relevant keyword searches of the PubMed database, accessing literature published as recently as late 2020.

Community-Acquired, Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing and Extensively Drug-Resistant in a 28-Year-Old Pyelonephritis Patient Lacking Risk Factors.

While is a common cause of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis, there are few documented cases of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates from the community resulting in infection requiring hospitalization, especially in individuals lacking risk factors. In the United States, exposure to ESBL-producing is typically nosocomial, whereas patients from developing countries often encounter ESBL-producing in the community through the consumption of contaminated food or water. Considering the rarity at which XDR isolates are encountered, there is also a scarcity of literature describing the successful treatment of ESBL-producing XDR Here we present a case of an otherwise healthy 28-year-old female delicatessen worker infected with ESBL-producing and XDR without recent travel, antibiotic use, or healthcare contact, who required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) with pyelonephritis and septic shock.

Two Isolates Obtained From a Fatal Necrotizing Fasciitis Infection Display Distinct Genomic and Phenotypic Characteristics in Comparison to Type Strains.

has been recognized as a critical pathogen that causes severe infections worldwide not only because of the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) derivatives, but also because of its ability to persist in medical environments and colonize compromised patients. While there are numerous reports describing the mechanisms by which this pathogen acquires resistance genes, little is known regarding 's virulence functions associated with rare manifestations of infection such as necrotizing fasciitis, making the determination and implementation of alternative therapeutic targets problematic. To address this knowledge gap, this report describes the analysis of the NFAb-1 and NFAb-2 XDR isolates, which were obtained at two time points during a fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis, at the genomic and functional levels.

Fatal Coronary Artery Vasculitis With Mixed Features.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is often investigated by medical examiners as a cause of sudden death. Because of the variation in presentation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the examiner must be cautious when assigning a final diagnosis. The presented case depended upon histologic examination of coronary artery lesions to reach an appropriate final diagnosis of vasculitis with mixed features.

Glyphosate and Polyoxyethyleneamine Ingestion Leading to Renal, Hepatic, and Pulmonary Failure.

Glyphosate is an organophosphorus compound and the active ingredient in commonly used herbicides, whereas polyoxyethyleneamine (POEA) is a nonionic surfactant often coupled with glyphosate in these herbicides to increase their efficacy. Cases of glyphosate-POEA ingestion have shown a variety of outcomes, ranging from skin and mucosal surface irritation to death. Here, we report mortality after ingestion of at least 237 mL of an herbicide confirmed to contain both glyphosate and POEA.

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from a Fatal Case of Necrotizing Fasciitis.

Carbapenem-resistant is a bacterial pathogen with serious implications for human health and is recognized as an urgent threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Total DNA from two clinical isolates collected over 3 days from a fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis has been sequenced to >30× coverage.

Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris leading to fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis.

Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris are free-living amebae known to cause disseminated and fatal central nervous system dysfunction which manifests as granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) with exceedingly rare frequency. We report two lethal cases of infection with free-living amebae: an acute case of Acanthamoeba spp.

Mortality from neonatal herpes simplex viremia causing severe hepatitis.

Neonatal herpes simplex viral infections are rare in the setting of appropriate prenatal care; however, under circumstances where prenatal care is not delivered, these infections can lead to significant disease. We report a fatal case of herpes simplex virus with severe herpes hepatitis in a 14-day old male neonate. The clinical history was limited and nonspecific, however there was no prenatal care and a known history of drug abuse in the family.

Miliary pattern MRSA sepsis following clandestine intravenous infusion.

Intravascular devices aid in drug administration and fluid replacement for hospitalized patients and are thus an integral part of modern medical care; however, poor aseptic technique and improper manipulation of infusion devices increase the risk of infections secondary to catheterization that can progress to sepsis and septic shock. We report the case of a woman who presented with altered mental status after receiving normal saline through an intravenous catheter placed by a medically untrained individual. Less than 24 h following her initial presentation to emergency medical services the patient became unresponsive to multiple vasopressors and broad-spectrum antibiotics and succumbed to septic shock.

Embolization of Endocardial Vegetation With Stroke Presentation.

This case report details the unique cause of death of a 37-year-old Caucasian woman with a history significant for intravenous drug abuse. Before her death, she complained of extremity weakness and pain. Although her death was discovered to be the result of endocarditis, her symptoms were similar to that of a stroke.

Miltefosine Reduces the Cytolytic Activity and Virulence of .

Stagnation in antimicrobial development has led to a serious threat to public health because some infections have become untreatable. New therapeutics with alternative mechanisms of action to combat are therefore necessary to treat these infections. To this end, the virulence of isolates with various antimicrobial susceptibilities was assessed when the isolates were treated with miltefosine, a phospholipase C inhibitor.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Parotitis Leading to Mortality in an Adolescent Male.

A case of toxic shock syndrome associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus parotitis in a 13-year-old male is presented. He was initially diagnosed with left-sided parotitis by his primary care physician, was started on sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and became severely ill the following day. He was transported to the hospital after a syncopal episode at home and was found to have altered mental status, hypotension, and hypoxia.

Mucin acts as a nutrient source and a signal for the differential expression of genes coding for cellular processes and virulence factors in Acinetobacter baumannii.

The capacity of Acinetobacter baumannii to persist and cause infections depends on its interaction with abiotic and biotic surfaces, including those found on medical devices and host mucosal surfaces. However, the extracellular stimuli affecting these interactions are poorly understood. Based on our previous observations, we hypothesized that mucin, a glycoprotein secreted by lung epithelial cells, particularly during respiratory infections, significantly alters A.

Contribution of the A1S_0114 Gene to the Interaction with Eukaryotic Cells and Virulence.

Genetic and functional studies showed that some components of the ATCC 17978 A1S_0112-A1S_0119 gene cluster are critical for biofilm biogenesis and surface motility. Recently, our group has shown that the A1S_0114 gene was involved in biofilm formation, a process related with pathogenesis. Confirming our previous results, microscopy images revealed that the ATCC 17978 Δ0114 derivative lacking this gene was unable to form a mature biofilm structure.

Iron-Regulated Phospholipase C Activity Contributes to the Cytolytic Activity and Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen that causes a wide range of infections including pneumonia, septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis and severe wound and urinary tract infections. Analysis of A. baumannii representative strains grown in Chelex 100-treated medium for hemolytic activity demonstrated that this pathogen is increasingly hemolytic to sheep, human and horse erythrocytes, which interestingly contain increasing amounts of phosphatidylcholine in their membranes.

Draft Genome Sequences of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Wounded Military Personnel.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of causing hospital-acquired infections that has been grouped with Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species as ESKAPE pathogens because of their extensive drug resistance phenotypes and increasing risk to human health. Twenty-four multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated.

Draft Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Wounded Military Personnel.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe hospital-acquired infections, is grouped as an ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogen because of its extensive drug resistance phenotypes and effects on human health worldwide. Five multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated in this work.

Draft Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli Isolates from Wounded Military Personnel.

Members of the Escherichia coli bacterial family have been grouped as ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens because of their extensive drug resistance phenotypes and increasing threat to human health. The genomes of six extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated.

Antimicrobial Activity of Gallium Protoporphyrin IX against Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Displaying Different Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes.

A paucity of effective, currently available antibiotics and a lull in antibiotic development pose significant challenges for treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies must be evaluated to meet the demands of treatment of these often life-threatening infections. Accordingly, we examined the antibiotic activity of gallium protoporphyrin IX (Ga-PPIX) against a collection of A.

Draft Genome of the Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain A155 Clinical Isolate.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacterial pathogen with serious implications on human health, due to increasing reports of multidrug-resistant strains isolated from patients. Total DNA from the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strain A155 clinical isolate was sequenced to greater than 65× coverage, providing high-quality contig assemblies.

Acinetobacter strains carry two functional oligosaccharyltransferases, one devoted exclusively to type IV pilin, and the other one dedicated to O-glycosylation of multiple proteins.

Multiple species within the Acinetobacter genus are nosocomial opportunistic pathogens of increasing relevance worldwide. Among the virulence factors utilized by these bacteria are the type IV pili and a protein O-glycosylation system. Glycosylation is mediated by O-oligosaccharyltransferases (O-OTases), enzymes that transfer the glycan from a lipid carrier to target proteins.