The Genesis of the Academy of Diversity Leaders in Nursing.

Combating all forms of oppression to achieve health equity.

Late Pleistocene onset of mutualistic human/canid ( spp.) relationships in subarctic Alaska.

Large canids (wolves, dogs, and coyote) and people form a close relationship in northern (subarctic and arctic) socioecological systems. Here, we document the antiquity of this bond and the multiple ways it manifested in interior Alaska, a region key to understanding the peopling of the Americas and early northern lifeways. We compile original and existing genomic, isotopic, and osteological canid data from archaeological, paleontological, and modern sites.

Electrode Elastic Modulus as the Dominant Factor in the Capping Effect in Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Thin Films.

The discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnia based thin films has catalyzed significant research focused on understanding the ferroelectric property origins and means to increase stability of the ferroelectric phase. Prior studies have revealed that biaxial tensile stress via an electrode "capping effect" is a suspected ferroelectric phase stabilization mechanism. This effect is commonly reported to stem from a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) incongruency between the hafnia and top electrode.

Iron Deficiency and Internalizing Symptoms Among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Iron Deficiency (ID) affects two billion people worldwide, predominantly adolescent girls, and may be associated with increased psychopathology. The associations between ID and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents were examined using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized Americans.

Methods: The current analysis included survey cycles where both iron-related markers and mental health-related outcomes were collected in adolescents 12 to 17 years old.

Small DNA elements that act as both insulators and silencers in plants.

Insulators are -regulatory elements that separate transcriptional units, whereas silencers are elements that repress transcription regardless of their position. In plants, these elements remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we use the massively parallel reporter assay Plant STARR-seq with short fragments of eight large insulators to identify more than 100 fragments that block enhancer activity.

Ethnic identity and social support as mediators between childhood sexual abuse and depression among black men who have sex with men.

Background: Survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) often experience long-term adverse mental health effects, a trend that has been observed in research focusing on men who have sex with men (MSM), especially Black MSM.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of childhood sexual abuse on depression symptoms among Black MSM through early sexual debut, histories of incarceration, ethnic identity, and social support. In addition, we examine the role of social support and ethnic identity as mediators of depression symptoms.

How to design equitable digital health tools: A narrative review of design tactics, case studies, and opportunities.

With a renewed focus on health equity in the United States driven by national crises and legislation to improve digital healthcare innovation, there is a need for the designers of digital health tools to take deliberate steps to design for equity in their work. A concrete toolkit of methods to design for health equity is needed to support digital health practitioners in this aim. This narrative review summarizes several health equity frameworks to help digital health practitioners conceptualize the equity dimensions of importance for their work, and then provides design approaches that accommodate an equity focus.

Mapping Ferroelectric Fields Reveals the Origins of the Coercivity Distribution.

Better techniques for imaging ferroelectric polarization would aid the development of new ferroelectrics and the refinement of old ones. Here we show how scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) electron beam-induced current (EBIC) imaging reveals ferroelectric polarization with obvious, simply interpretable contrast. Planar imaging of an entire ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HfZrO, HZO) capacitor shows an EBIC response that is linearly related to the polarization determined with the positive-up, negative-down (PUND) method.

Arabidopsis and maize terminator strength is determined by GC content, polyadenylation motifs and cleavage probability.

The 3' end of a gene, often called a terminator, modulates mRNA stability, localization, translation, and polyadenylation. Here, we adapted Plant STARR-seq, a massively parallel reporter assay, to measure the activity of over 50,000 terminators from the plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. We characterize thousands of plant terminators, including many that outperform bacterial terminators commonly used in plants.

HPTN 083-02: factors influencing adherence to injectable PrEP and retention in an injectable PrEP study.

Introduction: HPTN 083 demonstrated the superiority of long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) versus daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF/FTC) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men (MSM/TGW). HPTN 083 provided the first opportunity to understand experiences with injectable PrEP in a clinical trial.

Methods: Participants from two US sites (Chicago, IL and Atlanta, GA) and one international site (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were purposively sampled for individual qualitative interviews (N = 40), between November 2019 and March 2020, to explore trial experiences, barriers to adherence and other factors that may have impacted study implementation or outcomes.

Acetaminophen for Prevention and Treatment of Organ Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: The ASTER Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) has many pharmacological effects that might be beneficial in sepsis, including inhibition of cell-free hemoglobin-induced oxidation of lipids and other substrates.

Objective: To determine whether acetaminophen increases days alive and free of organ dysfunction in sepsis compared with placebo.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Phase 2b randomized, double-blind, clinical trial conducted from October 2021 to April 2023 with 90-day follow-up.

Vaping Behavior and Intention to Quit among Undergraduate Students in a Hispanic-Serving University.

The surge in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) usage, particularly among young adults, poses significant public health concerns. This study aimed to identify predictors of e-cigarette use, quit attempts, and frequency among undergraduate students in a Hispanic-serving university in Texas. A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 1 and October 26, 2023, recruiting undergraduate students through the Sona system, an online experiment management platform.

The Relationships between Caregiver Burden, Physical Frailty, Race, Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms (BPSD), and Other Associated Variables: An Exploratory Study.

For persons with dementia, the relationships between caregiver burden, physical frailty, race, behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD), and other associated variables are poorly understood. Only one prior study examined the relationships among these variables but did not include race, which is an important social determinant of health outcomes in the United States. To examine these interactions, we conducted a cross-sectional exploratory study based on a model by Sugimoto and colleagues.

Plant enhancers exhibit both cooperative and additive interactions among their functional elements.

Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements that shape gene expression in response to numerous developmental and environmental cues. In animals, several models have been proposed to explain how enhancers integrate the activity of multiple transcription factors. However, it remains largely unclear how plant enhancers integrate transcription factor activity.

Validation of the Sexual Discounting Task for Use in Adolescents.

The Sexual Discounting Task (SDT) was developed to evaluate the effects of delay on decision making as it relates to sexual risk-taking behaviors. Though previously validated with other populations, including urban emerging adults, the current study sought to validate the SDT with adolescents. A sample of adolescents (N = 155; 61% female) between ages 14 and 21 (M = 19.

Pharmacologic Inhibition of Myostatin With a Myostatin Antibody Improves the Skeletal Muscle and Bone Phenotype of Male Insulin-Deficient Diabetic Mice.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with low bone and muscle mass, increased fracture risk, and impaired skeletal muscle function. Myostatin, a myokine that is systemically elevated in humans with T1D, negatively regulates muscle mass and bone formation. We investigated whether pharmacologic myostatin inhibition in a mouse model of insulin-deficient, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes is protective for bone and skeletal muscle.

Infrared Signatures for Phase Identification in Hafnium Oxide Thin Films.

Phase identification in HfO-based thin films is a prerequisite to understanding the mechanisms stabilizing the ferroelectric phase in these materials, which hold great promise in next-generation nonvolatile memory and computing technology. While grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction is commonly employed for this purpose, it has difficulty unambiguously differentiating between the ferroelectric phase and other metastable phases that may exist due to similarities in the -spacings, their low intensities, and the overlapping of reflections. Infrared signatures provide an alternative route.

Angiotensin II in liver transplantation (AngLT-1): protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Catecholamine vasopressors such as norepinephrine are the standard drugs used to maintain mean arterial pressure during liver transplantation. At high doses, catecholamines may impair organ perfusion. Angiotensin II is a peptide vasoconstrictor that may improve renal perfusion pressure and glomerular filtration rate, a haemodynamic profile that could reduce acute kidney injury.

Utility of preoperative troponin I to predict mortality in adult liver transplant recipients: Revisiting pretransplant cardiac risk in the current MELD-allocation era.

Background: Preoperative risk assessment in liver transplant (LT) candidates, particularly related to cardiac risk, is an area of intense interest for transplant clinicians. Various cardiac testing methods are employed by transplant centers to characterize cardiac risk. Serum troponin is an established method for the detection of myocardial injury in a wide variety of clinical settings.

Efficacy and safety of long-acting cabotegravir compared with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine to prevent HIV infection in cisgender men and transgender women who have sex with men 1 year after study unblinding: a secondary analysis of the phase 2b and 3 HPTN 083 randomised controlled trial.

Background: Injectable cabotegravir was superior to daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine for HIV prevention in two clinical trials. Both trials had the primary aim of establishing the HIV prevention efficacy of long-acting injectable cabotegravir pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine daily oral PrEP. Long-acting PrEP was associated with diagnostic delays and integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance.

Impact on splicing in of random 50-base sequences inserted into an intron.

Intron splicing is a key regulatory step in gene expression in eukaryotes. Three sequence elements required for splicing-5' and 3' splice sites and a branchpoint-are especially well-characterized in , but our understanding of additional intron features that impact splicing in this organism is incomplete, due largely to its small number of introns. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a library in of random 50-nt (N50) elements individually inserted into the intron of a reporter gene and quantified canonical splicing and the use of cryptic splice sites by sequencing analysis.

Comparisons of Explicit Weight Bias Across Common Clinical Specialties of US Resident Physicians.

Background: Patients with high body weight are persistently stigmatized in medical settings, with studies demonstrating that providers endorse negative stereotypes of, and have lower regard for, higher-weight patients. Very little is known about how this weight bias varies across specialties.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how explicit weight bias varies between resident providers among sixteen of the largest residency specialties in the USA.

Impacts to FeRAM Design Arising From Interfacial Dielectric Layers and Wake-Up Modulation in Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide.

As ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) becomes more widely utilized in ferroelectric microelectronics, integration impacts of intentional and nonintentional dielectric interfaces and their effects upon the ferroelectric film wake-up (WU) and circuit parameters become important to understand. In this work, the effect of the addition of a linear dielectric aluminum oxide, Al2O3, below a ferroelectric Hf0.58Zr0.

, an allele of , causes tissue overgrowth in the eye.

Mutant , generated via EMS mutagenesis in , was studied by undergraduate students participating in the Fly-CURE. After inducing genetically mosaic tissue in the adult eye, mutant tissue displays a robust increase in cell division and a rough appearance. Complementation mapping and sequence analysis identified a nonsense mutation in the gene , which we named ( ) due to observed increases in red-pigmented mutant tissue compared to controls.