Post-operative pain: effect of extent of injury and attention.

The relationship to pain level of extent of injury (as measured by number of teeth extracted) and attention paid to the injury (as measured by frequency of pain ratings) was studied in patients with dental postoperative pain. Patients had either 2 or 4 impacted wisdom teeth removed and rated their pain either 2 or 5 times during the experiment. A positive correlation was found between extent of injury and reported pain level as well as between frequency of pain rating and pain level.

Dissociation of hepatitis A virus antigen-anti-HAV antibody complexes by 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol.

Intravenous inoculation of two marmosets and one chimpanzee with hepatitis A virus (HAV) resulted in the replication of virus in liver, excretion of HAV particles in stool, and the appearance of circulating antibodies specific for hepatitis A. The development of an early antibody response in the chimpanzee and in one of the two infected marmosets was shown to interfere with the serologic detection of HAV antigen (HAV Ag) in homogenates of acute phase liver tissue obtained from these animals. Treatment of HAV Ag-positive and IgM anti-HAV-positive liver homogenates with thiol reducing compounds was shown to release HAV Ag from in vitro formed immune complexes.

Excretion of hepatitis A virus in the stools of hospitalized hepatitis patients.

A study was carried out to determine whether hepatitis A virus (HAV) can be detected in the stools of patients hospitalized for HAV infection. Acute phase samples of whole blood and stool, as well as completed questionnaires, were obtained from 31 patients hospitalized at any of 13 hospitals in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Blood specimens were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), IgG antibody to HAV (IgG anti-HAV), and IgM antibody to HAV (IgM anti-HAV).

Naloxone-reversible analgesia produced by microstimulation in the rat medulla.

Using microstimulation of the rostral medulla in the barbiturate-anesthetized rat, a map was constructed of loci for inhibition of the tail-flick response to noxious heat. Low threshold sites (less than or equal to 10 microA) were found in both the nucleus raphe magnus and the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis. Chronaxie determinations indicate that analgesia was not produced by activation of large myelinated axons of passage.

Analgesic responses to morphine and placebo in individuals with postoperative pain.

The effects of placebo and varying doses of intravenous morphine were studied in 74 patients. All patients underwent extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Two hours after onset of anesthesia all patients received a placebo (intravenous saline).

ACTH1-24 blocks opiate - induced analgesia in the rat.

Samples of 1 microliter containing 15 microgram of morphine sulfate with or without 1 microgram of synthetic ACTH were injected into the fourth ventricle of rats. The inclusion of ACTH eliminated the analgesic effect of morphine as evaluated by the tail-flick test, both in restrained and in unrestrained, lightly sedated animals. The same result was obtained when beta-endorphin was used to bring about analgesia.

Comparison of disclosing media used for adjustment of removable partial denture frameworks.

An investigation was conducted to evaluate eight disclosing media for the detection of binding or interference regions on removable partial denture frameworks. The aerosol spray media were judged to be the most acceptable of those tested because they are easy to use and afford minimal waste; they also adhere well to removable partial denture metals and while easily removed, they are not washed away by excess saliva.

Orthodontic-restorative treatment for relative mandibular anterior excess tooth-size problems.

The diagnostic and conventional treatment techniques used to resolve relative mandibular anterior excess tooth-size problems are reviewed. An alternative solution to these problems, which involves an orthodontic-restorative technique, is described. Specific problems which may be encountered with this technique are also discussed.

Persistent non-A, non-B hepatitis in experimentally infected chimpanzees.

Non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis was transmitted to six chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of antihemophilic (factor VIII) materials, acute-phase chimpanzee liver, and chronic-phase plasma obtained from two NANB hepatitis-infected chimpanzees 10 and 16 months, respectively, after their inoculation. Five of six experimentally infected chimpanzees observed for more than one year demonstrated persistent or intermittent elevations in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) indicative of continuing liver dysfunction. Liver biopsy specimens obtained from three chimpanzees with persistent elevations in levels of ALT were positive for hepatocyte cytoplasmic structures associated with NANB hepatitis for as long as 27 months after inoculation.

Pain II: new approaches to management.

There is an intrinsic analgesia system in the brain with both endogenous opioid and biogenic amine links. This system provides a basis for understanding how different therapeutic approaches relieve pain. The present review critically evaluates the analgesic efficacy of the following therapies: placebo administration, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupuncture, intrathecal and epidural opiate injection, electrical stimulation of the brain, and psychotropic drugs.

Enzyme potentiated radioimmunoassay (EPRIA): a sensitive third-generation test for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen.

A sensitive, specific immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is described. The assay combined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and solid-phase radioimmunoassay and is termed enzyme potentiated radioimmunoassay (EPRIA). HBsAg was quantitated by enzymatic conversion of L[14C]glutamic acid to 14CO2 and gamma-aminobutyric acid by glutamate decarboxylase (GDC) conjugated wih goat anti-HGs IgG.

A study of the quantal (all-or-none) change in reflex latency produced by opiate analgesics.

The properties of opiate-induced changes of tail-flick latency were studied in the rat. (1) Morphine and pentazocine produced a stepwise increase in latency which rose from near baseline to cut-off (usually greater than 20 sec) in less than 30 sec. Abrupt return to pre-treatment latencies was observed either spontaneously or when the rat was back-titrated with the narcotic antagonist naloxone.

Combination prosthesis for optimum esthetic appearance.

A method of treatment that combines the advantages of both a removable partial denture and a fixed partial denture is described. The indications, contraindications, advantages, and special considerations are discussed. The procedures necessary for treatment of patients are described.

Dissociation of supraspinal and spinal actions of morphine: a quantitative evaluation.

Opiate suppression of spinal withdrawal reflexes was tested in rats with lesions of several spinal funiculi to determine the relative contribution of supraspinal descending systems. The latency of tail-flick to noxious heat was used to assess "analgesia". The effect of lesions of dorsolateral funiculus (DLF), dorsal columns (DC) and ventral quadrant (VQ) were compared to that of sham operations.

Distribution of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe in carriers with different levels of HBsAg.

Blood samples from 154 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg were studied for the presence of HbeAg and anti-HBe using techniques of rheophoresis and a micro solid phase radioimmunoassay (micro-SPRIA). The level of HBsAg in each sample was determined by titration using reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) test. The significance of relationship between the titer of HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc were statistically analyzed.

Undergraduate clinical pedodontic education: an overview of two teaching systems.

This paper compares and contrasts two clinical teaching systems in undergraduate pedodontics: the block system and the total patient care system (TPC). Descriptions and rationales are given for specific block and TPC systems at two universities. Theoretical advantages and disadvantages are reviewed.

Morphine presynaptically inhibits a ganglionic cholinergic synapse.

The effects of morphine on synaptic transmission through the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) were studied using intracellular recording techniques. Morphine produced a reversible, dose-dependent reduction in the quantal content of the synaptic potentials with little or no effect on quantal size or the properties of the ganglion cells. This effect of morphine was antagonized by naloxone suggesting the presence of specific preganglionic opiate receptors.

Segmental and descending influences on intraspinal thresholds of single C-fibers.

1. The effect was studied of various conditioning stimuli on the threshold of single C-fibers near their spinal terminals. Spikes were recorded in L6 and L7 dorsal root ganglia of cats.

The origin of descending pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord of the cat and rat: further studies on the anatomy of pain modulation.

There is considerable evidence that the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) of the spinal cord contains descending pathways critical for both opiate and brainstem stimulation-produced analgesia. To obtain a comprehensive map of brainstem neurons projecting to the spinal cord via the DLF, large injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into the lumbosacral spinal cord of cat and rat. These injections were made caudal to midthoracic lesions which spared only a single DLF or ventral quadrant (VQ); thus only those neurons whose axons descended in the spared funiculus would be labelled.