[Delayed appearance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) injected with CpG-rich DNA early in ontogenesis].

In this study we have investigated properties of blood serum extracellular DNA (cell-free DNA) from patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH). Cell-free DNA concentration was not changed in the control AH group compared to norma (healthy donors) but fragments of CpG-rich cell-free DNA marker content were increased at transcribed area of ribosomal repeat (TArDNA, CpG-DNA). To evaluate effect of CpG-DNA on AH development in 2-day SHR line and in control normotensive line (WKY), 700 ng of human TArDNA single subcutaneous injection were inoculated to obtain anti-CpG-DNA polyclonal antibodies.

Effect of cell-free DNA of patients with cardiomyopathy and rDNA on the frequency of contraction of electrically paced neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in culture.

There is evidence that infarcted myocardium contributes to the increase of cell-free DNA levels (cfDNA). We studied the effect of different human DNA fragments on the rate of contraction of the electrically paced neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in culture (spontaneously hypertensive line SHR). AT-rich fragments of the human satellite 3 tandem repeat (1q12 region) at a concentration of 1 ng/mL increase the frequency of cardiomyocyte contractions by 2-2.

[The study of therapeutic effect of synthetic bradykinin "gene" contained in retrovirus vector on spontaneously hypertensive rats].

Administration of DNA plasmid pPS-3-neo (brd) with synthetic bradykinin " gene " to 2-days old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) leads to 2 weeks delay in development of arterial hypertension. Lowering of SBP and positive results of PCR DNA of various organs observed in synthetic bradykinin " gene " transgenic SHR but not in control SHR confirm therapeutic effect of synthetic bradykinin " gene " . This data indicate one of possible ways of gene therapy of arterial hypertension as well as other pathological states by introduction of transgene directly into genome of the organism.

Effect of hypoxia during early organogenesis on cardiac activity and noradrenergic regulation in the postnatal period.

Cardiac activity in rats during the postnatal period was studied in vitro and in vivo after exposure of rat pups to antenatal acute hypobaric hypoxia at the stage of organogenesis (day 9-10 of gestation). Cultured cardiomyocytes from rat pups exposed to antenatal hypoxia were characterized by increased rate of contractions and decreased reactivity to norepinephrine. Heart rate elevation, predominance of sympathetic influences on cardiac activity, and significant increase in norepinephrine concentration in the cerebral cortex were found in freely moving animals exposed to antenatal hypoxia.

[Cardiomyocyte culture as a highly sensitive system for testing pharmacological activity of specific bradycardic agents].

Two antiarrhythmic agents were studied: verapamil and bradizole, a new bradycardic drug. It was found that both drugs exhibit a dose-dependent negative chronotropic effect on the culture of contractile cardiomyocytes of newborn rats. Bradizole showed more pronounced bradycardic properties than verapamil.

Expression of the immediate-early gene cFos in brain of the rats exposed to repeated 2 G influence.

Early gene c-Fos expression was studied by means of c-Fos protein immunostaining in brain locus coeruleus (LC) of the rats exposed to primary and repeated hypergravity. One-hour 2 G influence on rats induced in LC cells expression of c-Fos protein, pointing out early gene c-Fos expression and synaptic activation of LC neurons. After repeated 1-hour 2 G, postponed for 35 days after primary 30-day 2 G influence, expression of c-Fos protein in LC neurons was not found.

Antidiuretic hormone-V2-receptor-aquaporin-2 system in rat kidneys during acute inflammation.

Expression of antidiuretic hormone V(2)-receptor, water channel protein aquaporin-2, and cytokines interleukin-1b and interleukin-6 was studied in the kidneys of rats with acute inflammation produced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide in a dose of 250 microg/100 g. Reduced expression of aquaporin-2 and V(2)-receptor led to impairment of concentration capacity in the kidneys and decrease in urine osmolarity.

[Repeated exposure in hypergravity: morphology of locus coeruleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and vagal nerve dorsal nucleus in rats].

As compared to analogous single rotation at 2 g and in contrast to 5-d single and repeated exposures to Coriolis accelerations, repeated 5-day hypergravity (2 g generated by centrifuge rotation) gave rise to structural alterations in rat's neurons of locus coeruleus, vasopressinergic neurons of the lateral magnocellular subnucleus paraventricular nucleus and nervi vagi dorsal nucleus suggesting involvement of these structures of brain in the mechanism of facilitation of adaptation to repeated long-term hypergravity. Results of the study point to the ability of mammals to remember changes in gravity. Findings of the study may help develop an algorithm of intermittent exposure to artificial gravity aboard space vehicle.

[The participation of the nontraditional neuromediator nitric oxide in the mechanisms of adaptation to extreme conditions].

The investigation was performed on the medial (MMS) and lateral (LMS) magnocellular subdivisions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (HPN). The histochemical activity NO synthesizing enzyme nitric oxide synthase or NOS whose histochemical marker is NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-D), immunocytochemical content of oxytocin (OXY), vasopressin (VP) and nucleoli sizes (squares) were studied in the mature male rats under experimental reconstruction of the both micro- and macrogravity, which are factors of the gravity field changes acting to the body during the space flight. Two experimental effects were used: B--tail suspending (imitation of the microgravity effects), C--centrifugation at 2 G (imitation of the macrogravity effects).

[Biological characteristics of neurons of dorsal vagal nucleus].

Stereological, histochemical, and electron microscopic approaches were applied to study the cellular and synaptic structure of the rat dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN). The cellular organization of the DNV does not allow one to distinguish any subnuclei, but the conspicious population of mostly small neurons in the lateral nucleus' rostral stretch lacking AChE activity. DVN neurons with high and moderate AChE activities were evident on the 5th postnatal day.

The rat dorsal vagal nucleus: features of cellular and synaptic structure.

Using the stereological, histochemical and electron microscopic approaches the cellular and synaptic structure of the rat dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) were studied. Cellular organization of the DVN does not allow to distinguish any separate subnuclei but a conspicuous population of mainly small neurons in rostral extension of its lateral part lacking AChE activity. DVN neurons with high and moderate AChE activities are manifest on the 5th postnatal day.

[Testosterone metabolism in discrete areas of the brain in rat fetuses].

Experiments in vitro with further thin-layer chromatography of steroids were staged to investigate changing of 3H-testosterone into 3H-estradiol-17 beta and 3H-5 alpha-reduced metabolites in a fraction of 1000 g of homogenates of the medial preoptic area (MPA), the paraventricular nuclei (PVN), the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the lower cerebral trunk, the rostral and caudal parts of the amygdaloid complex (ACr and ACc) of the brain of 21-day male and female rat fetuses. The activity of aromatase (AA) and 5 alpha-reductase (AR) was detected in all investigated areas. AA was maximum in PVN of females and minimum in ACc of males and females.

Tanycytes and their relation to the hypophyseal gonadotrophic function.

It is shown by the enzyme-histochemical method that after prenatal androgenization (the administration of 25 mg testosterone propionate to the mother on the 19th day of pregnancy) female rats lose the sex differences in the age dynamics of the activity of some dehydrogenases in the beta 1-tanycytes, which were detected earlier in the 'critical period'. The data of the present study are regarded as further evidence in favor of the earlier advanced assumption of beta 1-tanycyte hypersensitivity to the sex hormones. The authors develop an original hypothesis on the possible role of beta 1-tanycytes in the feedback control of gonadoliberin release from the nerve terminals of the median eminence.

CNS--endocrine pancreas system. III. Further studies on the vagal responsiveness to insulin deficiency.

Distribution and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the neurons of the central vagal nuclei at the level of the medulla oblongata were studied in intact and alloxan-diabetic adult male rats by Gomori's histochemical method. Peculiarities of intracellular distribution of the enzyme in the Nucl. dorsalis n.

[Sensitivity of the central nuclei of the vagus to insulin deficiency in rats (histoenzymologic study)].

Distribution and activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in the central vagal nuclei (Nucl. dorsalis and Nucl. ambiguus) in male intact rats and in rats with experimental alloxan diabetes were investigated.

[Participation of the tanycytes in the mechanisms of sex differentiation of the brain].

Enzymo-histochemical methods were applied to the study of the activity of a number of dehydrogenases of the specialized ependyma of the inferior-lateral walls and floor of the 3rd ventricle in rats of both sexes during the "critical" period of sexual differentiation of the hypothalamic region of the brain (the first week after birth). At the level of the arcuate nucleus (alpha2-tanycytes) and the medial portion of the medial eminence (beta2-tanycytes) the ependyma was characterized by similar metabolic activity indices in ratlings of both sexes at the decisive periods of the "critical" period (the 3rd, 5th, 7th days after birth). The metabolic activity was reduced on the 5th day in the cells of animals of both sexes.

Morphological aspects of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal system. VI. The tanycytes: their relation to the sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus. An enzyme-histochemical study.

Enzyme-histochemical methods were used to study the metabolic activity of specialized ependyma of the ventrolateral walls and floor of the third ventricle in young male and female rats during the "critical period" of sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus (one week after birth). Histochemical tests were conducted for glutamic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and NADH2-dehydrogenase. Enzyme activity was judged by cytospectrophotometry.

[Histochemical study of tanycytes in connection with the adrenocorticotropic function of the hypophysis].

Chronic experiments were conducted on sexually mature rats; histochemical study of the activity of some redox enzymes (glutamic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphoric dehydrogenase, glycerophosphoric dehydrogenase, and succinic dehydrogenase) was carried out in the ependymal cells of the floor of the third cerebral ventricle, the so called tanycytes, in case of an increased adrenocorticotrophic function of the hypophysis attained by bilaterial adrenalectomy, and in depression of this function as a result of chronic dexametasone administration. The activity of the enzymes under study decreased 2, 3 and 4 weeks after bilateral adrenalectomy. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase, glucerophosphoric dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase increased in the tanycytes during administration of 5 gamma of dexametasone.