Does the application protocol influence the masking effect of resin infiltration on MIH opacities? Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To compile the available evidence on the effectiveness of resin infiltration in masking demarcated opacities in permanent incisors with MIH and whether modifications to the treatment protocol impact the outcome.

Data Sources And Study Selection: This review followed PRISMA2020 and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023414048). Searches were performed in MedLine, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar, by two independent reviewers.

Multiple dimensions approach in polysubstance use: An ESEM analysis based on the RDoC framework.

Substance use disorders (SUD) are associated with cognitive alterations, influenced by genetic, neurodevelopmental, and environmental factors, and frequently co-occur with emotional disorders, complicating treatment strategies. Employing the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), this study investigated the direct and indirect relationships between drug abuse, neurocognitive performance, emotional indicators, and structural changes in brain regions implicated in emotional regulation and executive functions in SUD patients and healthy controls. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired from patients with SUD (n=50) and healthy controls (HC=50).

Intentional Drug Overdose Deaths and Mood Disorders in Brazil - A 20-year overview.

Background: Drug overdose deaths remain a significant and understudied public health concern in Brazil. This study aimed to examine drug overdose death records from 2000 to 2020, focusing on the relationship between mood disorders and intentionality, along overall sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: Data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System from 2000-2020 were analyzed.

Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and demands for treatment according to the severity of its clinical manifestation.

Aim: Assess the prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children 6- to 12-year-old and correlate MIH severity with the complexity of treatment demands.

Materials And Methods: Between March and October 2023, 2,136 children were screened for MIH by two calibrated examiners. MIH severity was categorized in mild, moderate, severe, and very severe.

Reduced gray matter volume in limbic and cortical areas is associated with anxiety and depression in alcohol use disorder patients.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a multifactorial disease closely related to neurodevelopment and environmental factors that influence behavior. This study explored the relationships between brain volume and behavior from an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) based on the Research Domain Criteria. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from recent patients with AUD (n = 50) and healthy controls (HC=50).

Evaluation of a potential bidirectional influence of metabolic syndrome and apical periodontitis: An animal-based study.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the possible bidirectional interrelations between fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) and apical periodontitis (AP).

Methodology: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 7, per group): Control (C), AP, Fructose Consumption (FRUT) and Fructose Consumption and AP (FRUT+AP). The rats in groups C and AP received filtered water, while those in groups FRUT and FRUT+AP received a 20% fructose solution mixed with water to induce MS.

Physical-mechanical, chemical and biological properties of graphene-reinforced glass ionomer cements.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of graphene-reinforced glass ionomer cements (GICs).

Materials And Methods: Different proportions of graphene powder were incorporated into 2 high-viscosity self-curing GIC, Ketac Molar (G) and Fuji IX (G), in 4 different concentrations: 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 5%.

Better, Faster, Stronger: Accelerating mRNA-Based Immunotherapies With Nanocarriers.

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) therapeutics are attracting attention as promising tools in cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to leverage the in vivo expression of all known protein sequences. Even small amounts of mRNA can have a powerful effect on cancer vaccines by promoting the synthesis of tumor-specific antigens (TSA) or tumor-associated antigens (TAA) by antigen-presenting cells (APC). These antigens are then presented to T cells, eliciting strong antitumor immune stimulation.

Moral Harassment and Mental Health in Medical Residents: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective: This study investigates if moral harassment contributes to anxiety, depression and burnout among medical residents.

Methods: This three-stage longitudinal study involves 218 first-year residents, with 76 (34.9%) participating throughout all stages.

Trends in Nonfatal Overdose Rates Due to Alcohol and Prescription and Illegal Substances in Colombia, 2010‒2021.

To examine drug overdoses in Colombia by type of substance, sex, age, and intent using data from a health surveillance system from 2010 to 2021. We characterized data by year, type of substance, and sociodemographic variables. We calculated age-adjusted overdose rates by substance type, sex, age groups, and intent.

School readiness profiles: Does the quality of preschool education matter?

Studies evaluating school readiness profiles and quality of early education are scarce and have produced inconsistent results. This study aimed to identify school readiness profiles, correlating them with the quality of education, in an epidemiological sample of 722 children (4 and 5 years old; 48.9% female).

Impact of Clinical Consequences of Pulp Involvement due to Caries on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Dental caries with pulp involvement potentially impacts the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether clinical consequences of pulp involvement due to dental caries impacts OHRQoL of children and adolescents.

Methods: Observational studies evaluating whether children/adolescents (population) with pulp involvement due to caries (exposition) compared with those without it (comparison) have more negative impact on their OHRQoL (outcome) were included.

Alterations in Vagal Tone Are Associated with Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Adults with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: Analysis of Fecal Metabolite Profiles.

Accumulating evidence suggests that interactions between the brain and gut microbiota significantly impact brain function and mental health. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether young, healthy adults without psychiatric diagnoses exhibit differences in metabolic stool and microbiota profiles based on depression/anxiety scores and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was used to identify fecal metabolic profiles.

Internalizing problems can differ in boys and girls since early childhood: Findings from the Child Behavioral Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL 1.5-5).

Background: Globally, internalizing problems disproportionately affect females in adolescence and adulthood, with limited research at earlier ages due to a focus on disruptive behaviors. Our study addresses this gap by exploring the structure of internalizing problems and gender differences in Brazilian preschoolers.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Child Behavioral Checklist 1.

Vitreoretinal surgical performance after acute alcohol consumption and hangover.

Aim: Routine alcohol testing of practicing physicians remains controversial since there are no uniform guidelines or legal regulations in the medical field. Our aim was to quantitatively study the acute and next-morning effects of breath alcohol concentration (BAC)-adjusted alcohol intake on overall simulated surgical performance and microtremor among senior vitreoretinal surgeons.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 11 vitreoretinal surgeons (>10 years practice).

The S20 Brazilian Mental Health Report for building a just world and a sustainable planet: Part I.

This is the first part of two documents prepared by experts for the Brazilian S20 mental health report. These reports outline strategies aimed at addressing the exacerbated mental health challenges arising from a post-pandemic world. Ongoing psychiatric epidemiology research has yielded evidence linking mental health with intricate social determinants, including gender, race/ethnicity, racism, socioeconomic status, social deprivation, and employment, among others.

Acceptability of dental students and professionals concerning child behaviour management techniques: Systematic review.

Introduction: During child dental treatment, different behavior management techniques (BMTs) are applied and it is important to understand the possible discomfort in the operator.

Objective: The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the acceptability of dental students and professionals concerning BMTs applied with paediatric dentistry patients.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search was conducted, following the PEOS strategy: Population (P) - dental students/professionals (S); Exposure (E) - BMTs preconized by the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, Outcome (O) - proportion of BMT acceptance; and Study design (S) - observational studies based on data from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS (Lilacs/BBO), Cochrane, and Open Grey databases up to September 2021.

Z-Drug Use and Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse Among LGB Populations: The Role of Psychological Distress.

Background: Z-drugs (hypnotics such as zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon) and benzodiazepines (BZDs) are sedative medications with misuse liability. The goals of this study are to report the (1) prevalence of past-year any Z-drug use, any BZD use, and any BZD misuse by sexual identity category and psychological distress; (2) associations among these 3 categories between sexual identity and past-year psychological distress; (3) associations among these 3 categories with sexual identity by past-year psychological distress status.

Methods: Data were collected from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (years 2015-2019 [n = 210,392]), a yearly representative national household survey of the American population.

Medical Trainees' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Electronic Cigarettes and Hookah: A Multinational Survey Study.

Background: The rising prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and hookah use among youth raises questions about medical trainees' views of these products. We aimed to investigate medical trainees' knowledge and attitudes toward e-cigarette and hookah use.

Methods: We used data from a large cross-sectional survey of medical trainees in Brazil, the United States, and India.

Poppers use and HIV infection-a literature review.

Introduction: During the HIV surge in the 1980s, inhaled volatile nitrites (poppers) were hypothesized as a possible cause of the AIDS. Later it was found that poppers use was not the cause but rather a marker associated with HIV acquisition and sexual behaviors without the use of prevention tools.

Objectives: This article reviews the available literature regarding the association between poppers use and newly acquired HIV, aiming to support the hypothesis that there is no causal association between nitrites use and HIV transmission and to discuss other contributing factors.