Neonatal inflammation and its association with asthma and obesity in late childhood among individuals born extremely preterm.

Background: Asthma and obesity are frequent outcomes among individuals born extremely preterm and are associated with decreased lifespan. Neonatal inflammation is associated with chronic neurodevelopmental disorders; however, it is less studied in association with other later childhood chronic disorders in this population.

Methods: Fourteen hospitals in 5 U.

Variables Affecting CA15.3 Tumor Antigen Expression and Antibodies against It in Female National Health and Nutritional Survey Participants.

Background: Cancers of ductal origin often express glycoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1), also known as CA15.3, with higher levels leading to poor prognosis. Conversely, anti-MUC1 antibodies develop in some patients, leading to better prognosis.

Perinatal inflammation, fetal growth restriction, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment in Bangladesh.

Background: There are limited data on the impact of perinatal inflammation on child neurodevelopment in low-middle income countries and among growth-restricted infants.

Methods: Population-based, prospective birth cohort study of 288 infants from July 2016-March 2017 in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Umbilical cord blood was analyzed for interleukin(IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and C-reactive protein(CRP).

Supplementation with antioxidant micronutrients in pregnant women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Background/objective: Obesity increases maternal morbidity and adversely affects child health. Maternal inflammation may play a role in adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether providing a higher dose of antioxidant micronutrients to pregnant women with obesity would raise concentrations of key antioxidant vitamins and impact inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy.

Association of maternal education, neighborhood deprivation, and racial segregation with gestational age at birth by maternal race/ethnicity and United States Census region in the ECHO cohorts.

Background: In the United States, disparities in gestational age at birth by maternal race, ethnicity, and geography are theorized to be related, in part, to differences in individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES). Yet, few studies have examined their combined effects or whether associations vary by maternal race and ethnicity and United States Census region.

Methods: We assembled data from 34 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program representing 10,304 participants who delivered a liveborn, singleton infant from 2000 through 2019.

Is BMI a Useful Indicator of Prenatal Health Among Black American Women?

Objective: BMI is commonly used to measure risk to prenatal health but may not be sensitive to adiposity-associated health problems for Black women. The aim of the present study was to test associations between indices of prenatal health and BMI in Black women.

Methods: Data were from 652 women enrolled in two studies.

IGF-1 axis changes with ADT and docetaxel in metastatic prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) forms the cornerstone of treatment in locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Since the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF-1) axis has been implicated in prostate tumorigenesis, we aimed to evaluate the association between IGF-1 and its binding proteins on outcomes in men with metastatic PCa treated with ADT, with or without docetaxel (D). We analyzed serum samples for IGF-1 and its family proteins from baseline, 6 months post-randomization, and at the time of progression in men enrolled to receive ADT +/- D in the phase 3 CHAARTED trial.

The relationship of fetal sex and maternal race and ethnicity with early and late pregnancy C-reactive protein and interleukin-8.

Problem: Promotion of a healthy pregnancy is dependent on a coordinated immune response that minimizes inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. Few studies investigated the effect of fetal sex on proinflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy and whether maternal race could impact this association. We aimed to examine whether fetal sex could, independently of maternal race/ethnicity and the condition of pregnancy (normal vs.

Perinatal Factors and Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral Dysregulation in Childhood and Adolescence.

Objective: This cohort study assessed perinatal factors known to be related to maternal and neonatal inflammation and hypothesized that several would be associated with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dysregulation in youth.

Method: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) is a research consortium of 69 pediatric longitudinal cohorts. A subset of 18 cohorts that had both Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) data on children (6-18 years) and information on perinatal exposures including maternal prenatal infections was used.

Prenylcysteine oxidase 1 like protein is required for neutrophil bactericidal activities.

The bactericidal function of neutrophils is dependent on a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Using systems immunology approaches we identify microbiome- and infection-induced changes in neutrophils. We focus on investigating the Prenylcysteine oxidase 1 like (Pcyox1l) protein function.

The microRNA Cargo of Human Vaginal Extracellular Vesicles Differentiates Parasitic and Pathobiont Infections from Colonization by Homeostatic Bacteria.

The disturbed vaginal microbiome defined as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and the parasitic infection by (TV), the most common non-viral sexually transmitted pathogen, have well-established adverse effects on reproductive outcomes and susceptibility to infection and cancer. Molecular mechanisms underlying these associations and the failure of antibiotic therapy to mitigate adverse consequences are not fully elucidated. In an human vaginal colonization model, we tested the hypothesis that responses to TV and/or BV-bacteria will disrupt the micro(mi)RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles (EV) with the potential to modify pathways associated with reproductive function, cancer, and infection.

Placental circadian lincRNAs and spontaneous preterm birth.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a much higher cell- and/or tissue-specificity compared to mRNAs in most cases, making them excellent candidates for therapeutic applications to reduce off-target effects. Placental long non-coding RNAs have been investigated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (often causing preterm birth (PTB)), but less is known about their role in preterm birth. Preterm birth occurs in 11% of pregnancies and is the most common cause of death among infants in the world.

Maternal Inflammatory Biomarkers during Pregnancy and Early Life Neurodevelopment in Offspring: Results from the VDAART Study.

Maternal infection and stress during the prenatal period have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, suggesting that biomarkers of increased inflammation in the mothers may associate with poorer developmental outcomes. In 491 mother-child pairs from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), we investigated the association between maternal levels of two inflammatory biomarkers; interleukin-8 (IL-8) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) during early (10-18 wks) and late (32-38 wks) pregnancy with offspring scores in the five domains of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, a validated screening tool for assessing early life development. We identified a robust association between early pregnancy IL-8 levels and decreased fine-motor (β: -0.

The Association of Prenatal C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-8 Levels with Maternal Characteristics and Preterm Birth.

Objective: The determinants of preterm birth remain unknown. Excessive maternal inflammation during pregnancy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. Our objective was to describe the association of prenatal levels of proinflammatory C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) with preterm birth in participants of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial.

The Association of Prenatal C-Reactive Protein Levels With Childhood Asthma and Atopy.

Background: The pathogenesis of childhood asthma is complex, and determinants of risk may begin in utero.

Objective: To describe the association of systemic prenatal inflammation, measured by plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), with childhood asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis.

Methods: A total of 522 maternal-offspring pairs from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial were included.

Cervical and systemic innate immunity predictors of HIV risk linked to genital herpes acquisition and time from HSV-2 seroconversion.

Objectives: To examine innate immunity predictors of HIV-1 acquisition as biomarkers of HSV-2 risk and biological basis for epidemiologically established HIV-1 predisposition in HSV-2 infected women.

Methods: We analysed longitudinal samples from HIV-1 negative visits of 1019 women before and after HSV-2 acquisition. We measured cervical and serum biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation previously linked to HIV-1 risk.

The vaginal microbiome: A complex milieu affecting risk of human papillomavirus persistence and cervical cancer.

The purpose of this review is to describe the existing literature regarding the relationship between the vaginal microbiome, human papillomavirus persistence, and cervical cancer risk, as well as to discuss factors that mediate these relationships. Data suggest that alterations in the vaginal microbiome affect the risk of human papillomavirus infection and persistence, which has downstream effects on cervical dysplasia and cancer risk. The homeostatic Lactobillus species L.

Intestinal Inflammation is Significantly Associated With Length Faltering in Preterm Infants at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess intestinal inflammatory measures, urinary intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), and fecal calprotectin (FC) by gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age (PMA) and determine the association between intestinal inflammation and growth in preterm infants from birth to hospital discharge. We hypothesized that intestinal inflammation is associated with adverse growth in preterm infants.

Methods: We assayed repeated measures of IFABP and FC in 72 hospitalized preterm infants (<34 weeks' gestation).

Ovarian Cancer Ascites Inhibits Transcriptional Activation of NK Cells Partly through CA125.

Malignant ascites is a common clinical problem in ovarian cancer. NK cells are present in the ascites, but their antitumor activity is inhibited. The underlying mechanisms of the inhibition have yet to be fully elucidated.

C-reactive protein and affective inhibition in bipolar disorder.

Background: Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) experience cognitive and affective processing deficits that often persist beyond the remission of acute mood symptoms. One possible biological mechanism for these deficits involves the potential effects of chronic low-grade peripheral inflammation on brain function. Peripheral inflammation has been associated with reduced executive functioning and memory performance, as well as altered reward processing in BD, but whether it is also implicated in cognitive-affective processing remains unknown.