[Unexplained cyanosis in two newborns: neonatal methemoglobinemia after maternal perineal infiltration of prilocaine].

Background: Methemoglobinemia is a rare cause of neonatal cyanosis in the newborn. It is considered a medical emergency. Failure of recognition or appropriated treatment could result in serious disease and neonatal death.

[Labium majus enlargement in a 6-year old girl: benign or alarming?].

A 6-year old girl was referred because she had a painless enlarged left labium majus. There were no further symptoms. Ultrasound and MRI revealed no hernias, malignancy or cystic abnormalities.

High-flow nasal prong oxygen therapy or nasopharyngeal continuous positive airway pressure for children with moderate-to-severe respiratory distress?*.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the use of high-flow nasal prong oxygen therapy to nasopharyngeal continuous positive airway pressure in a PICU at a tertiary hospital; to understand the safety and effectiveness of high-flow nasal prong therapy; in particular, what proportion of children require escalation of therapy, whether any bedside monitoring data predict stability or need for escalation, and complications of the therapies.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of the first 6 months after the introduction of high-flow nasal prong oxygen therapy at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne. Data were collected on all children who were managed with either high-flow nasal prong oxygen therapy or nasopharyngeal continuous positive airway pressure.