Studies suggest that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause night blindness or xerophthalmia, hepatic and metabolic changes in the blood. Therefore, this work aimed to stablish a model of hypovitaminosis A in rats and to evaluate the effects of vitamin A deficiency on metabolic and oxidative parameters in the liver of rats. Male (n = 19), Wistar, rats (21-day-old) weighing 50g, divided into two experimental groups: Control Group (C), received AIN 93G diet and Vitamin A Deficiency Group (VAD), received AIN 93G vitamin A-free diet for 45 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotox Res
August 2022
The C-glucosyl flavone isoorientin (ISO) is obtained by humans from the diet and exhibits several cytoprotective effects, as demonstrated in different experimental models. However, it was not previously shown whether ISO would be able to prevent mitochondrial impairment in cells exposed to a chemical stressor. Thus, we treated the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with ISO (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetab Brain Dis
February 2023
Sulforaphane (SFN) promotes protective effects in different cell types. Nonetheless, it remains to be clarified by which mechanism SFN exerts benefits in mammalian cells. Mitochondria are a major source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive species in nucleated cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetab Brain Dis
February 2023
The reactive dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MG) behaves as a pro-oxidant agent, causing redox dysfunction and cell death by different mechanisms in mammalian cells. MG is also a mitochondrial toxicant, impairing the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and leading to bioenergetics and redox collapses. MG induces glycation and exerts an important role in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondria are a primary source and a target of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased mitochondrial production of ROS is associated with bioenergetics decline, cell death, and inflammation. Here we investigated whether a pretreatment (for 24 h) with sesamol (SES; at 12.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotox Res
October 2021
Tanshinone I (T-I, CHO) is a diterpene found in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) and promotes cytoprotection in several experimental models. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an agrochemical that causes bioenergetics failure, redox impairment, inflammation, and cell death in animal tissues. Here, we investigated whether T-I would be able to prevent the consequences resulting from the exposure of the human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells to CPF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetab Brain Dis
December 2021
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an insecticide, induces pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic effects in animal cells. Contamination with CPF occurs not only in farms, since CPF is found in the food consumed in homes. Recently, it was demonstrated that CPF affects the mitochondria, inhibiting components of the electron transfer chain (ETC), causing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reducing the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the Complex V.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharmacol
October 2021
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been viewed in several diseases, including neurological disorders. In the glutamate (GLU)-mediated excitotoxicity, it has been described mitochondrial impairment, disrupted redox environment, and increased rates of cell death in the affected brain areas. Astaxanthin (AST) is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory xanthophyll that also promotes beneficial mitochondria-related effects in brain cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Int
June 2021
The mitochondria are the major source of reactive species in the mammalian cells. Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a potent inducer of redox impairment by a mechanism, at least in part, dependent on its ability to impair mitochondrial function. HO plays an important role in several pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethylglyoxal (MG) is an endogenously produced toxicant that induces mitochondrial dysfunction leading to impaired redox biology homeostasis, bioenergetics collapse, and cell death in mammalian cells. However, MG toxicity is particularly relevant to neurons and glia given their chemical and metabolic characteristics. Here, we have investigated whether a pretreatment with carnosic acid (CA) would be able to promote mitochondrial protection in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to MG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Res
April 2021
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl presenting both endogenous (e.g. glycolysis) and exogenous (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe organosulfur compound sulforaphane (SFN; CHNOS) is a potent cytoprotective agent promoting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiglycative, and antimicrobial effects in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Mitochondria are the major site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production due to the work of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. They are also the main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in nucleated human cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotox Res
October 2019
Mitochondria are the major site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mammalian cells. Moreover, mitochondria produce most of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nucleated cells. Redox and bioenergetic abnormalities have been seen in mitochondria during the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Res
April 2019
The link between mitochondrial dysfunction, redox impairment, and inflammation leads to increased rates of brain cells loss in neurodegenerative diseases and in affective disorders. Carvacrol (CAR) is a component of essential oils found in Labiatae. CAR exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different cell types, as assessed in both in vitro and in vivo experimental designs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Biol Interact
December 2018
Redox impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction have been seen in inflammation. Thus, there is interest in studies aiming to find molecules that would exert mitochondrial protection in mammalian tissues undergoing inflammation. Sesamol (SES) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
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