Age-dependent pathogenic profiles of enterotoxigenic diarrhea in Bangladesh.

Background: Age plays a significant role in susceptibility to enterotoxigenic (ETEC) infections, yet the distribution of ETEC virulence factors across age groups remains understudied. This study investigated the differential pathogenic profiles ETEC across various age groups, emphasizing the importance of selecting potential ETEC antigens tailored to infection patterns in infants and adults in Bangladesh.

Methods: This study utilized the icddr,b's 2% systematic hospital surveillance data of diarrheal patients ( = 14,515) from 2017 to 2022 to examine the age-specific pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ETEC infections.

Extraction of wood vinegar from bagasse and its application as bio-reducer to produce stable silver nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial activity.

Global efforts have been made to address environmental and health concerns by promoting and adopting renewable natural resources. This study investigated the role of bagasse-based wood vinegar to synthesize and stabilize silver nanoparticles. We present a simple bottom-up approach to produce silver nanoparticles using the green reducing agent.

Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application.

This research presents an explicit analysis of the effects of sintering temperature (T) on the structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of CuMgFeO nanoferrites synthesized via the sol-gel method. To accomplish it, Cu-Mg ferrite NPs were sintered at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C in increments of 100 with a constant holding duration of 5 h. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to observe the degradation of organic components and the thermally stable zone of the material.

Nonequilibrium Self-Assembly of Microtubules Through Stepwise Sequential Interactions of DNA.

The assembly of biological systems forms nonequilibrium patterns with different functionalities through molecular-level communication via stepwise sequential interaction and activation. The mimicking of this molecular signaling offers extensive opportunities to design self-assemblies of bioinspired synthetic nonequilibrium systems to develop molecular robots with active, adaptive, and autonomous behavior. Herein, the design and construction of biomolecular motor system, microtubule (MT)-kinesin based molecular swarm system, are reported through stepwise sequential interactions of DNA.

Natural Products in Precision Cryptococcal Meningitis: Phytochemical Screening of Glycyrrhiza glabra Plant against Cryptococcus neoformans Farnesyltransferase (FTase).

Cryptococcus neoformans, the most opportunistic fungal pathogen, causes cryptococcal meningitis. Based on molecular docking and ADME/toxicity analysis, the top two lead compounds selected from a screening of 5,807 phytochemical compounds from 29 medicinal plants were CID_8299 and CID_71346280, with docking scores of -5.786 and -6.

Characterisation of the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase CYP116B46 from Tepidiphilus thermophilus as a Homogentisic Acid Generating Enzyme and its Conversion to a Peroxygenase.

The heme enzymes of the cytochrome P450 superfamily (CYPs) catalyse the selective hydroxylation of unactivated C-H bonds in organic molecules. There is great interest in applying these enzymes as biocatalysts with a focus on self-sufficient CYP 'fusion' enzymes, comprising a single polypeptide chain with the electron transfer components joined to the heme domain. Here we elucidate the function of the self-sufficient CYP116B46 fusion enzyme, from the thermophilic bacterium Tepidiphilus thermophilus.

Grape pomace supplementation reduced methane emissions and improved milk quality in lactating dairy cows.

Grape pomace (GP) is a byproduct of the viticulture industry and shows promise for feeding dairy cattle as well as reducing enteric methane (CH) emissions. This study investigates the potential of using fresh GP in dairy cow feeding and its effects on CH emissions. Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 24, 205 ± 39 DIM) were housed in free stall barns and provided rations consisting of alfalfa hay, wheat hay, almond hulls, cottonseed, and grain mix.

Distinct amino acid substitutions in the EEV glycoprotein and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of lumpy skin disease virus identified in wetland areas of Bangladesh.

The recent outbreak of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in the wetland areas of Bangladesh presents a significant concern for both animal health and regional biosecurity. Epidemiological investigations into nine major outbreaks in the wetland areas revealed distinctive clinical symptoms in affected cattle, including elevated body temperature, excessive salivation, and the presence of skin nodules. Histopathological examination unveiled larger nodules compared to previous outbreaks, along with signs of secondary infection.

Variations in Furin SNPs, a Major Concern of SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility Among Different Populations: An - Approach.

COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) had an adverse effect globally because it caused a global pandemic with several million deaths. This virus possesses spike protein that is cleaved or activated by Furin-like protease enzymes occurring by mammalian lung or respiratory cells to enter the mammalian body. The addition of the Furin cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 makes it a more infectious and emerging virus than its ancestor's viruses.

Evaluation of a point-of-care immunochromatographic assay for enteric fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: There is a shortage of rapid, accurate, and low-cost assays for diagnosing enteric fever. The dual-path platform for typhoid (DPPT) assay had high accuracy in retrospective studies with banked plasma samples. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the DPPT assay in a prospective study using fingerstick capillary blood.

The Political Economy of Priority Setting and Resource Allocation in European Oral Health Policy.

Aim: Pressing oral health care challenges pose prioritization dilemmas for governments. This study aimed to identify key determinants of prioritization in oral health policy in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, as part of a series of the DELIVER project.

Methods: A literature review based on a search of PubMed and Google Scholar articles related to these countries from January 1, 2000, to October 17, 2023, and key informant interviews with policy makers were conducted to identify key trends in oral health policy choices and determinants of priority setting and resource allocation processes.

Food Consumption Patterns and Sedentary Behaviors Among the University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: University is a critical period regarding unhealthy changes in eating behaviors in students. University students often face significant changes in their eating habits and physical activity levels, which can impact their overall health.

Aims: To investigate the eating habits and sedentary behavior of university students in Dhaka.

Engineering plant biosensors: recent advances in design and applications.

Plants have evolved sophisticated molecular switches to perceive and respond to both endogenous and exogenous signals, enabling changes in form and function in response to environmental and developmental cues. As autotrophic, multicellular organisms, plants represent promising platforms for designing and engineering sense-and-report modules. Advances in protein engineering and functional screening have facilitated the reprogramming of native switches into biosensors capable of detecting novel small molecules.

Healthcare workers' knowledge and attitudes regarding artificial intelligence adoption in healthcare: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The convergence of healthcare and artificial intelligence (AI) introduces a transformative era in medical practice. However, the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers concerning the adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare are currently unknown.

Aims: The primary objective was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, regarding the adoption of AI in healthcare.

Energy choices to health outcomes: A multidimensional analysis of risk in BRICS via PMG-ARDL approach.

This article employs a Panel Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach to investigate the interaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), fossil fuel, renewable energy consumption, trade, and their collective impact on life expectancy within the BRICS nations. The research reveals compelling findings. Notably, CO2 emissions and trade openness exhibit negative and statistically significant impact on life expectancy.

Advancing thyroid care: An accurate trustworthy diagnostics system with interpretable AI and hybrid machine learning techniques.

The worldwide prevalence of thyroid disease is on the rise, representing a chronic condition that significantly impacts global mortality rates. Machine learning (ML) approaches have demonstrated potential superiority in mitigating the occurrence of this disease by facilitating early detection and treatment. However, there is a growing demand among stakeholders and patients for reliable and credible explanations of the generated predictions in sensitive medical domains.

Impacts of Air Velocity Treatments Under Summer Conditions: Part III-Litter Characteristics, Ammonia Emissions, and Leg Health of Heavy Broilers.

The broiler industry is crucial for rural economies, but it faces challenges in enhancing animal performance and well-being, particularly due to heat stress and ammonia (NH) in grow-out houses. This study investigates the effectiveness of air velocity (AV) treatment in reducing heat stress and NH emissions while also improving litter conditions to enhance animal welfare. Conducted at the North Carolina State University's poultry engineering laboratory, the research used six identical controlled chambers, exposing broilers to High and Low AV treatments from 28 to 61 days across four flocks during the summers of 2017 and 2018.

An application of COM-b model to explore factors influencing veterinarians' antimicrobial prescription behaviors: Findings from a qualitative study in Bangladesh.

The integration of behavioral theories in designing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions aimed at optimizing the antimicrobial prescription in veterinary practice is highly recommended. However, little is known about the factors that influence veterinarians' antimicrobial behavior for food-producing animals in lower- and middle-income settings like Bangladesh. There is a large body of research on the factors that influence veterinarian behavior of prescribing antimicrobials, however, there is a need for more studies that use comprehensive behavior change models to develop and evaluate interventions.

Next generation legged robot locomotion: A review on control techniques.

The next generation of autonomous-legged robots will herald a new era in the fields of manufacturing, healthcare, terrain exploration, and surveillance. We can expect significant progress in a number of industries, including inspection, search and rescue, elderly care, workplace safety, and nuclear decommissioning. Advanced legged robots are built with a state-of-the-art architecture that makes use of stereo vision and inertial measurement data to navigate unfamiliar and challenging terrains.

Increased lamina propria B cells play roles in fructose-induced hypertension of Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

Aims: Although the immune system participates in the development of hypertension, the proportional contributions of distinct immune cells remain poorly understood. With the development of transcriptomics, we can profile the transcriptomes of individual immune cells and assess the relative contribution of each immune cell to the development of hypertension. So, we tested the hypothesis that increased lamina propria B cells play roles in fructose-induced hypertension of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats.

Cytokine Storm among Bangladeshi adults with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: In COVID-19, cytokine storms (CS) result in higher mortality and morbidity. Our study evaluated the rate of cytokine storms among COVID-positive Bangladeshi adults.

Methods: From October 2020 to March 2022, this cohort study enrolled both COVID-positive and COVID-negative healthy adults.

Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation in the Asia-Pacific region: APBMT Activity Survey 2020/2021.

COVID-19 became a global pandemic in 2020 and significantly affected the activity of hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT) worldwide. Despite these challenges, a total of 28,793 transplants, including 18,518 allogeneic and 10,275 autologous transplants, were performed in 719 facilities in 2020 in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region. This represented a 5.

Associations between pre-existing comorbidities and in-hospital cardiovascular events and mortality among COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh: a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To identify the associations of in-hospital cardiovascular events and mortality with pre-existing comorbidities and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh without vaccine availability.

Design: A secondary analysis of a prospective multicountry study.

Setting: Three COVID-19-designated hospitals in Bangladesh.

Dataset on developing climate-smart transplanted rice variety BRRI dhan98 suitable for partially irrigated ecosystem in Bangladesh.

This dataset provides an in-depth analysis of rice yield and grain quality attributes in four successive four years across 27 diverse environments in Bangladesh. The analysis emphasizes assessing the performance of studied genotypes (GEN), environments (ENV), and their interrelations (GEI). The research aim is to detect a stable and adaptive rice cultivar that not only displays high yield, and better grain quality but also has molecular data to know favorable alleles and biotic and abiotic stress-related traits.