Endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic tumor diagnosis.

In a prospective study from 1988 to 1990, 132 patients with suspected pancreatic tumor were examined with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), transabdominal ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and ERCP. The final diagnosis of 102 pancreatic tumors of different origin (76 malignant and 26 inflammatory tumors) and the exclusion of a pancreatic tumor in 30 patients was made by operation (N = 47), puncture (N = 36), autopsy (N = 3), or follow-up of a mean of 51 weeks (N = 46). Sensitivity and specificity in pancreatic tumor diagnosis were significantly higher for EUS (99% and 100%) than for US (67%/40%) and CT (77%/53%) and equal to ERCP (sensitivity 90%).

[Endosonographic diagnosis of pancreatic tumors].

140 patients (72 men, 68 women; mean age 57 [26-83] years) with suspected pancreatic tumours were investigated by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and also by conventional ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The EUS scans were performed with an echo-endoscope in the descending part of the duodenum (for the head of the pancreas) or in the stomach (for the body and tail). The definitive diagnosis or exclusion of a pancreatic tumour (malignant n = 85, benign n = 4, inflammatory n = 23, no tumour n = 28) was made at operation (n = 63), by needle biopsy (n = 35), at necropsy (n = 4) or by clinical follow up (n = 38, mean 10.

[CT-guided biopsy: methods, results and complications].

Percutaneous CT-guided biopsies were carried out in 350 patients; on 291 occasions, 14- or 18-gauge and, on 59 occasions, an 0.95 mm cutting biopsy cannula was employed. Using the 14- and 18-gauge needles, a histological diagnosis was possible in 191 cases, a sensitivity of 82.

Age-related morphology of the normal pancreas on computed tomography.

Abdominal computed tomographic scans were performed on a group of 360 patients between the ages of 20 and 80 years. The anteroposterior diameter of the pancreatic head, body, and tail, the age-related ratio of vertebral body-pancreas diameter, and the external and internal contours of the organ were analyzed. The age-related changes in the pancreas were compared with known anatomical findings.

[Detection of narcotic-containing packages in "body-packers" using imaging procedures. Studies in vitro and in vivo].

The increase in narcotic smuggling through swallowing small packages ("body packing") has created problems in detection and in avoiding acute intoxication. Five such cases are reported. Experiments have been carried out in vitro in order to investigate how such narcotic packages could best be shown by radiological examination, by CT or by MRT.

[MR tomography of gynecologic diseases of the minor pelvis].

The results of MR examinations of 31 women with gynaecological diseases are described; all had CT and histological confirmation at operation. The extent and relationship of the lesions were well demonstrated by the three-dimensional sections of MR, in some cases better than on CT. Variations in the signals allowed better differentiation of myomas and ovarian carcinomas from normal tissue.

[Traumatology of the midface--diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for the practicing ENT physician from the viewpoint of the radiologist].

Local and combined facial fractures are usually correctly diagnosed by conventional plain films in conjunction with the clinical picture. If the image quality is reduced due to soft tissue swelling of problems in positioning a multiply injured patient, conventional tomography or computed tomography (CT) are indicated. The advantages of CT are the detailed imaging of soft tissue and bone structures; in patients with skull trauma, CT of the facial bones can be combined with cranial computed tomography without re-positioning the patient.

[Computed tomographic morphometry of the normal pancreas in adults].

The relationship of the morphology of the normal pancreas, as seen on CT, and age was studied in 200 normal people aged between 19 and 87 years. The A.P.

[Possibilities and limitations of computerized tomography in the staging of the subdiaphragmatic spread of Hodgkin's disease].

The value of computed tomography in the assessment of subdiaphragmatic spread was studied prospectively in 72 patients with so far untreated, histologically confirmed Hodgkin's disease. In 17 patients (23.6%) computed tomography (CT) diagnosed subdiaphragmatic involvement, with no false-positive results.

[False interpretations of computed tomograms in malignant lymph node diseases of the pelvis and abdomen].

In the presence of a retroperitoneal mass with loss of normal aortic and caval contours no distinction can be made by CT between metastases or malignant lymphoma and primary sarcoma or retroperitoneal fibrosis if a primary tumour is not known. A false diagnose is quite possible if intestinal loops or vessels are considered as enlarged lymph nodes. These pitfalls can be avoided by intravenous application of contrast medium and by filling of all intestinal loops with orally administered contrast medium, in special cases even via a gastric tube.

[Pheochromocytoma of the bladder in computerized tomography].

In 10% of the cases, phaeochromocytomas are extra-adrenal. This is a report on an 18 year old patient in whom the tumour was identified via sonography and computed tomography in the urinary bladder wall.

The use of CT in monitoring cryosurgery.

One of the main problems encountered in cryosurgery is that of controlling the amount of tissue that is irreversibly destroyed by cooling. In vitro-experiments in which the homogeneous cooling of various substances, as well as "ice-ball" propagation within different tissues of animals via a cryotip were evaluated. In vivo experiments, on an anaesthetized pig, indicate CT to be a useful continuous-monitoring technique with a high spatial resolution.

[Head and neck cancers. What's new in clinical oncology for the practicing ENT physician?].

An interdisciplinary evaluation is made of the most common forms of head and neck cancer, with emphasis on certain aspects.--In the field of x-ray diagnostics, computed tomography dominates varying importance being given to the individual organs. Nuclear medicine pays particular attention to skeletal scintigraphy and gallium scintigraphy.

Computed tomography of pharyngo-laryngeal carcinoma.

CT scans of 36 carcinomas of the laryngo-pharyngeal region were analysed retrospectively and the results compared with the endoscopic and operative findings. For the final tumour staging in 18 cases of carcinoma of the larynx equivalent results were obtained in 12 cases; CT scan offered a better evaluation in two cases and insufficient dates in four. Destruction of cartilagineous structures, submucosal tumour infiltration and the pre-epiglottic space are better shown on CT scans.