Optimal Frequency for Seizure Induction with Electroconvulsive Therapy and Magnetic Seizure Therapy.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and magnetic seizure therapy (MST) are effective in the treatment of medication-resistant depression. Determining the stimulus frequency resulting in the lowest seizure threshold could produce fewer adverse effects by reducing the overall stimulus intensity. To determine the optimal frequency for seizure induction, four male rhesus macaques were titrated with an increasing number of pulses at fixed frequencies ranging from 5 to 240 pulses per second (pps) using ultrabrief-pulse right-unilateral ECT and circular-coil-on-vertex MST.

Estimation of Cancer Deaths Averted From Prevention, Screening, and Treatment Efforts, 1975-2020.

Importance: Cancer mortality has decreased over time, but the contributions of different interventions across the cancer control continuum to averting cancer deaths have not been systematically evaluated across major cancer sites.

Objective: To quantify the contributions of prevention, screening (to remove precursors [interception] or early detection), and treatment to cumulative number of cancer deaths averted from 1975 to 2020 for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this model-based study using population-level cancer mortality data, outputs from published models developed by the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network were extended to quantify cancer deaths averted through 2020.

Small Area Estimation of PSA Testing in US States and Counties.

Background: In 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended against prostate cancer screening using the PSA test for all age groups. In 2018, the US Preventive Services Task Force's recommendation shifted from a "D" (not recommended) to a "C" (selectively offering PSA-based screening based on professional judgment and patient preferences) in men ages 55 to 69. Limited reliable county-level prostate cancer screening data are available for cancer surveillance purposes.

Updated CP*Trends: An Online Tool to Compare Cohort and Period Trends across Cancer Sites.

CP*Trends is a widely used SEER website used to explore temporal effects of period and cohort on cancer incidence and mortality. It provides a graphical display of smoothed rates, and a C-P Score that helps to assess the magnitude of the effect of cohort and period. This update provides results for African Americans and Whites.

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated declines in cancer incidence by race/ethnicity and census-tract level SES, rurality, and persistent poverty status.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on cancer screening and treatment, particularly in 2020. However, no single study has comprehensively analyzed its effects on cancer incidence and disparities among groups such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), persistent poverty (PP), and rurality.

Methods: Utilizing the recent data from the United States National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we calculated delay- and age-adjusted incidence rates for 13 cancer sites in 2020 and 2015-2019.

Accelerating progress to reduce the cancer burden through prevention and control in the United States.

Improvements in cancer prevention and control are poised to be main contributors in reducing the burden of cancer in the United States. We quantify top opportunities to accelerate progress using projected life-years gained and deaths averted as measures. We project that over the next 25 years, realistic gains from tobacco control can contribute 0.

Asymptomatic Incidence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Preclinical Duration to Myeloma Diagnosis: A Modeling Study.

Background: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the premalignant condition of multiple myeloma. Given a lack of population-based screening for MGUS and its asymptomatic nature, the epidemiology of MGUS remains unknown. This study estimated age- and race/ethnicity-specific MGUS incidence and preclinical duration from MGUS to multiple myeloma in the United States.

Toward real-time reporting of cancer incidence: methodology, pilot study, and SEER Program implementation.

Background: A lag time between cancer case diagnosis and incidence reporting impedes the ability to monitor the impact of recent events on cancer incidence. Currently, the data submission standard is 22 months after a diagnosis year ends, and the reporting standard is 27.5 months after a diagnosis year ends.

Assessing racial, ethnic, and nativity disparities in US cancer mortality using a new integrated platform.

Background: Foreign-born populations in the United States have markedly increased, yet cancer trends remain unexplored. Survey-based Population-Adjusted Rate Calculator (SPARC) is a new tool for evaluating nativity differences in cancer mortality.

Methods: Using SPARC, we calculated 3-year (2016-2018) age-adjusted mortality rates and rate ratios for common cancers by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, and nativity.

Electroconvulsive Therapy in the United States: A 2022 Survey of Practice.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe current US electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) practice, identify practice changes over time, and inform discussion of practice.

Method: Our anonymous survey was open on SurveyMonkey.com from January to June 2022.

Electroconvulsive Therapy Across Nations: A 2022 Survey of Practice.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize worldwide electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) practice and compare practice across nations and global regions.

Method: Our anonymous survey was open on SurveyMonkey.com from January to June 2022.

Distinguishing Convulsive Syncope From Seizure Induced by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Case Report.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is Food and Drug Administration cleared for clinical use in treatment-resistant depression and a growing list of other disorders. The clinical uptake of rTMS has been facilitated by its relatively benign adverse-effect profile compared with other treatment modalities. Seizure is a rare but serious adverse event that has been reported with rTMS, when dosage exceeds safety guidelines or in individuals at increased risk for seizure.

Estimated US Cancer Deaths Prevented With Increased Use of Lung, Colorectal, Breast, and Cervical Cancer Screening.

Importance: Increased use of recommended screening could help achieve the Cancer Moonshot goal of reducing US cancer deaths.

Objective: To estimate the number of cancer deaths that could be prevented with a 10-percentage point increase in the use of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)-recommended screening.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This decision analytical model study is an extension of previous studies conducted for the USPSTF from 2018 to 2023.

A New Personalized Oral Cancer Survival Calculator to Estimate Risk of Death From Both Oral Cancer and Other Causes.

Importance: Standard cancer prognosis models typically do not include much specificity in characterizing competing illnesses or general health status when providing prognosis estimates, limiting their utility for individuals, who must consider their cancer in the context of their overall health. This is especially true for patients with oral cancer, who frequently have competing illnesses.

Objective: To describe a statistical framework and accompanying new publicly available calculator that provides personalized estimates of the probability of a patient surviving or dying from cancer or other causes, using oral cancer as the first data set.

Key Points for Clinicians About the SEER Oral Cancer Survival Calculator.

Importance: In the setting of a new cancer diagnosis, the focus is usually on the cancer as the main threat to survival, but people may have other conditions that pose an equal or greater threat to their life than their cancer: a competing risk of death. This is especially true for patients who have cancer of the oral cavity, because prolonged exposure to alcohol and tobacco are risk factors for cancer in this location but also can result in medical conditions with the potential to shorten life expectancy, competing as a cause of death that may intervene in conjunction with or before the cancer.

Observations: A calculator designed for public use has been released that allows patients age 20 to 86 years who have a newly diagnosed oral cancer to obtain estimates of their health status-adjusted age, life expectancy in the absence of the cancer, and probability of surviving, dying of the cancer, or dying of other causes within 1 to 10 years after diagnosis.

Updating the Know Your Chances Website to Include Smoking Status as a Risk Factor for Mortality Estimates.

Importance: To make wise decisions about the health risks they face, people need information about the magnitude of the threats as well as the context, such as how risks compare. Such information is often presented by age, sex, and race but rarely accounts for smoking status, a major risk factor for many causes of death.

Objective: To update the National Cancer Institute's Know Your Chances website to present mortality estimates for a broad set of causes of death and all causes combined by smoking status in addition to age, sex, and race.

Interpreting cancer incidence trends: challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The considerable deficit in cancer diagnoses in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic disruptions in health care can pose challenges in the estimation and interpretation of long-term cancer trends. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) (2000-2020) data, we demonstrate that inclusion of the 2020 incidence rates in joinpoint models to estimate trends can result in a poorer fit to the data and less accurate or less precise trend estimates, providing challenges in the interpretation of the estimates as a cancer control measure. To measure the decline in 2020 relative to 2019 cancer incidence rates, we used the percent change of rates in 2020 compared with 2019.

Using the Past to Understand the Future of U.S. and Global Smoking Disparities: A Birth Cohort Perspective.

U.S. smoking-related disparities persist, but data evaluating how smoking patterns across diverse populations have changed by birth cohort are lacking.

Risk Model-Based Lung Cancer Screening : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Background: In their 2021 lung cancer screening recommendation update, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) evaluated strategies that select people based on their personal lung cancer risk (risk model-based strategies), highlighting the need for further research on the benefits and harms of risk model-based screening.

Developing Geographic Areas for Cancer Reporting Using Automated Zone Design.

The reporting and analysis of population-based cancer statistics in the United States has traditionally been done for counties. However, counties are not ideal for analysis of cancer rates, due to wide variation in population size, with larger counties having considerable sociodemographic variation within their borders and sparsely populated counties having less reliable estimates of cancer rates that are often suppressed due to confidentiality concerns. There is a need and an opportunity to utilize zone design procedures in the context of cancer surveillance to generate coherent, statistically stable geographic units that are more optimal for cancer reporting and analysis than counties.

Vitamin D Insufficiency and Clinical Outcomes with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Vitamin D insufficiency is a potentially modifiable risk factor for poor outcomes in newly diagnosed large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). However, the role of circulating vitamin D concentrations in relapsed/refractory LBCL treated with CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) is currently unknown. This was a single-center, observational study that evaluated the association of pre-CAR-T 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) status with 100-day complete response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and CAR-T-related toxicity in 111 adult relapsed/refractory LBCL patients.

Directed Evolution of Herbicide Biosensors in a Fluorescence-Activated Cell-Sorting-Compatible Yeast Two-Hybrid Platform.

Developing sensory modules for specific molecules of interest represents a fundamental challenge in synthetic biology and its applications. A somewhat generalizable approach for this challenge is demonstrated here by evolving a naturally occurring chemically induced heterodimer into a genetically encoded sensor for herbicides. The interaction between PYRABACTIN-RESISTANT-like receptors and type-2C protein phosphatases is induced by abscisic acid─a small-molecule hormone in plants.