Whole fentanyl patch ingestion: a multi-center case series.

Background: Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid with large abuse potential. A common preparation of fentanyl is a sustained-release transdermal patch. To our knowledge, there are only two published case reports of whole patch ingestion.

Right atrial thrombus secondary to pacemaker wires.

Background: Pacemaker-induced right atrial thrombus is a rare condition that has not been described in the Emergency Medicine literature. This is a potentially fatal condition that is diagnosed with an echocardiogram and treated with surgical removal, thrombolytics, or long-term anticoagulation.

Objectives: This case report is designed to increase awareness among emergency physicians of this potentially fatal condition.

Witnessing intimate partner violence as a child does not increase the likelihood of becoming an adult intimate partner violence victim.

Objectives: To determine whether adults who witnessed intimate partner violence (IPV) as children would have an increased rate of being victims of ongoing IPV, as measured by the Ongoing Violence Assessment Tool (OVAT), compared with adult controls who did not witness IPV as children. The authors also sought to determine whether there were differences in demographics in these two groups.

Methods: This was a cross sectional cohort study of patients presenting to a high-volume academic emergency department.

Inhibition of retinol oxidation by ethanol in the rat liver and colon.

Background: Epidemiological evidence has been presented for an increased risk of development of colon cancer after chronic alcohol abuse. Alcohol is degraded by cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenases that also are capable of retinol oxidation. Inhibition of retinol oxidation to retinoic acid has been shown to occur in parallel with profound impairment of intracellular retinoid signal transduction and loss of cell differentiation control.

Strategy for detecting cellular transcripts promoted by human endogenous long terminal repeats: identification of a novel gene (CDC4L) with homology to yeast CDC4.

Several families of repetitive sequences related to integrated retroviruses have been identified in the human genome. The largest of these families, the RTVL-H family, has close to 1000 members in addition to a similar number of solitary long terminal repeats (LTRs) dispersed on all chromosomes. Previous work has shown that the expression of genomic RTVL-H elements is driven by their LTRs and that some LTRs can promote expression of a reporter gene.

SV40 large T antigen trans-activates the long terminal repeats of a large family of human endogenous retrovirus-like sequences.

The Simian Virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (T) is required for the initiation of viral replication, the autoregulation of early gene expression, and the activation of late gene expression in productively infected cells. In addition to these roles, T has been implicated in the transcriptional activation of a variety of viral and cellular promoters. We have used the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene system to study the effect of T on the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of a large family of human endogenous retrovirus-like sequences, RTVL-H.

Functional heterogeneity of a large family of human LTR-like promoters and enhancers.

The human genome contains a variety of elements similar in structure to retroviruses and retrotransposons. We have shown that the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of a large family of human retrovirus-like elements, RTVL-H, are heterogeneous in their ability to regulate the expression of linked genes. Although all of five LTRs tested could promote expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, their relative promoter activities as well as range of activities varied widely.