[Clinical and morphological aspects of the use of palpebral implants made of noble metals].

Loading of the upper eyelid with palpebral implants made of noble metals is the modern standard of surgical treatment for paralytic lagophthalmos, and is aimed at increasing the mobility of the upper eyelid and normalizing involuntary blinking movements. This review presents the results of morphological studies, including immunohistochemical studies, reflecting the features of biointegration of palpebral implants in uncomplicated and complicated course of the postoperative period, and describes the modern understanding of the causes and immunopathological processes underlying the development of nonspecific inflammatory response, which is one of the most serious complications that often becomes an indication for implant removal.

[Modern opportunities of lagophthalmos correction].

The main goal in the treatment of lagophthalmos is prevention of serious corneal complications. Based on the results of 2453 surgeries performed in patients with lagophthalmos, a detailed analysis of modern surgical techniques was carried out highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The article describes in detail the most effective methods of static correction of lagophthalmos, their features and indications, and presents the results of using an original palpebral weight implant.

[Visualization of normal ocular surface microflora via impression cytology sample using scanning electron microscopy with lanthanide contrasting].

Purpose: To determine the possibilities of impression cytology (IC) with subsequent visualization of the sample on a scanning electron microscope in assessment of normal microflora of the ocular surface.

Materials And Methods: The article presents a visual characteristic of the microorganisms of the ocular surface (OS) captured during impression cytology (IC) in individuals without signs of inflammatory and degenerative eye diseases. The original method of staining the sample with heavy metal salts made it possible to identify the individual signs of the microorganisms in their subsequent visualization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

[Ophthalmic manifestations in COVID-19-associated multiple mononeuropathy of the cranial nerves (clinical observation)].

Clinical manifestations of the new coronavirus infection can vary greatly and affect different organs and systems. Despite the lack of convincing data on the possible direct damage to the structures of the eyeball by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, indirect involvement of the organ of vision both in the acute period of the disease, during the period of convalescence, and as a part of the post-COVID syndrome is common in clinical practice. The condition of the ocular surface is not given much attention during the treatment of the main disease, especially in severe cases, which can lead to serious complications and visual acuity loss after recovery.

Age-related changes in cationic compositions of human cranial base bone apatite measured by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) coupled with scanning electron microscope (SEM).

One of the most common scientific methods to study the chemical composition of bone matter is energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). However, interpretation of the data obtained can be quite complicated and require a thorough understanding of bone structure. This is especially important when evaluating subtle changes of chemical composition, including the age-related ones.

[Nonspecific inflammatory reaction after implantation of palpebral implants].

Purpose: To identify the possible cause of an inflammatory reaction to a Russian-manufactured palpebral implant made of gold in the long term after surgery, and to determine the clinical and morphological changes in the tissues of the upper eyelid when the presence of the implant caused the inflammatory reaction.

Material And Methods: The results of 150 operations with placement of a palpebral implant were analyzed. In 12 cases, a nonspecific inflammatory reaction was revealed within 2 to 4 weeks after the operation, in 7 cases it necessitated explantation, in 5 cases the local long-term use of an ointment with a corticosteroid made it possible to avoid extrusion and explantation.

[Tarsorrhaphy in rehabilitation of patients with thyroid eye disease].

Purpose: To evaluate the role of tarsorrhaphy and its effectiveness in the treatment of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).

Material And Methods: The study identified the patients who required tarsorrhaphy for corneal lesions associated with TED among the total number of 457 patients who underwent tarsorrhaphy at the Research Institute of Eye Diseases over the past 20 years.

Results: Overall, 477 tarsorrhaphy surgeries (457 patients) were performed, including temporary and permanent, partial and complete.

[Pathogenetic and clinical aspects of floppy eyelid syndrome].

Floppy eyelid syndrome is rarely diagnosed nowadays. Most patients remain without the correct diagnosis for a long time, which means they do not receive adequate treatment. This syndrome is known to be accompanied by many concomitant clinical manifestations complicating the diagnostic search.

[Biointegration properties of eyelid weight implants made of various materials (experimental study)].

Unlabelled: Palpebral eyelid weight implants are currently considered as the gold standard method for lagophthalmos correction. Manufactured from different precious metals, they have both benefits and drawbacks. The article presents the results of an experimental morphological study of biointegration of different eyelid weight implants used for correction of paralytic lagophthalmos.

[Neurotization of the cornea as pathogenically targeted method of treating neurotrophic keratitis in patients with facial paralysis].

Combined lesions of the facial and trigeminal cranial nerves are typical after neurosurgical treatment. Violation of the innervation of orbicularis muscle leads to inability to completely close the eyelids, while denervation of the cornea is often manifested as a long-term ongoing and recurring neurotrophic keratitis. The restoration of corneal innervation is a pathogenetically targeted treatment for this pathology.

[Public healthcare responsibilities of ophthalmologists according to professional regulations].

Modern public healthcare practices are constantly being improved by the medical community, which involves approval and implementation of professional standards such as including public health activities in the responsibilities of medical specialists. To understand how well such skills can be mastered by the specialists, we have conducted a comparative analysis of ophthalmologist qualifications found in the most often used guidelines and textbooks. With logical, analytical and hypothetical analysis, books and guides published before 2018 were found to have insufficient coverage of the public health responsibilities.

[Secondary dry eye syndrome after keratorefractive surgeries and approaches to its treatment and prevention].

The article reviews the particularities of development and pathogenesis of secondary dry eye syndrome (DES) after refractive surgeries including a complex of problems related to changes in tear film content, damage of eye surface and neurotrophic epitheliopathy. Additionally, modern algorithms of treatment and prevention of secondary DES in patients after refractive surgeries are described. Despite the transient nature of the changes, excimer-laser surgery can lead to lasting deficiencies of eye surface in some patients.

[Structural changes in the ocular anterior segment against elevation of intraocular pressure after repeated intravitreal injections].

Unlabelled: Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-VEGF medications for exudative (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Significant IOP elevation is one of the side effects of anti-VEGF intravitreal injection.

Purpose: To study the changes in the parameters of anterior segment of the eyeball against acute IOP elevation after repeated intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-VEGF medication.

[Gold weight implants for lagophthalmos correction in chronic facial nerve paralysis (late results)].

Unlabelled: Upper eyelid weigh gold implant is the widely accepted standard for the treatment of paralytic lagophthalmos (PL).

Aim: To evaluate late outcomes of PL correction with chain gold implants.

Material And Methods: Chain gold implants were inserted in the upper eyelids of 70 patients with lagophthalmos due to chronic facial paralysis.

[Biointegration of eyelid gold weight implants (experimental study)].

Unlabelled: The article presents the results of an experimental morphological study of biointegration of different eyelid weight implants used for paralytic lagophthalmos correction.

Aim: To investigate biointegration features of gold monolithic and chain implants.

Material And Methods: The study enrolled 11 Chinchilla rabbits (22 eyelids).