Cutaneous infections from viral sources in solid organ transplant recipients.

Introduction: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are susceptible to various dermatological complications caused by long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Of these complications, viral infections are noteworthy because of their high prevalence and the potential morbidity associated with viral carcinogenesis.

Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence of cutaneous viral infections in SOTRs and their correlation with clinical features, transplant type, and the length and intensity of immunosuppressive therapy.

Identification of Polyomaviruses in Skin Cancers.

Background: Polyomaviruses (PyVs) were initially described in animals. They have also been detected in humans with some evidence that could play a role in skin carcinogenesis.

Objectives: This study aimed to verify the presence of PyVs in different skin tumour samples and to make clinical correlations with patients' epidemiological data from Clinics Hospital of Medical School of University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Nodular primary cutaneous melanoma is associated with PD-L1 expression.

Background: In previous studies, patients with Stage III melanomas expressing PD-L1 in more than 5% of their neoplastic cells had improved recurrence-free survival with anti-PD1 adjuvant therapy.

Objectives: We examined PD-L1 expression as a possible biomarker of primary cutaneous melanomas in the vertical growth phase.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study including 66 patients with invasive primary cutaneous melanomas.

Worse survival of invasive melanoma patients in men and "de novo" lesions.

Background: The incidence and mortality of melanoma is increasing in many countries, including Brazil. Survival studies are still scarce in our country, but much needed to know and address this problem better.

Objective: To analyze the disease-specific survival of patients with invasive melanoma and to correlate it with clinical and histopathological variables.

In vivo confocal microscopy of dermoscopic suspicious lesions in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by extreme photosensitivity, resulting in a higher incidence of cutaneous tumors. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive imaging method for diagnosing cutaneous lesions.

Objective: To explore the application of RCM in the follow-up of patients with XP.

Somatic mutations in kinetochore gene KNSTRN are associated with basal proliferating actinic keratoses and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Mutations in kinetochore gene KNSTRN accelerate the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and may correlate with different histological classifications of actinic keratosis (AKs).

Objective: To determine KNSTRN gene mutation frequency in healthy skin (HS), actinically damaged skin (ADS), in AKs with different histomorphological gradings and invasive SCCs.

Methods: All samples were histologically evaluated.

Skin lesions in organ transplant recipients: a study of 177 consecutive Brazilian patients.

Background: Skin lesions are very common among organ transplant recipients (OTR), particularly infections and tumors, because of the immunosuppressive state these patients are put in.

Methods: 177 OTR were examined. Skin lesions were categorized into neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory diseases.

High-risk mucosal HPV types associated with squamous cell carcinoma on the nose tip in an immunocompetent young man.

The oncogenic role of high-risk HPV in anogenital, head and neck, and cervical cancer is well recognized, but not in skin cancer in the general population. Some authors have demonstrated their appearance mainly on the hands and feet, particularly in the area of the nail bed, which could be due to contamination with HPV types from anogenital regions. Here, we describe a case of genital HPV associated with SCC on the nose tip in an immunocompetent young man, which was confirmed by histopathological findings and in situ hybridization.

A randomized split-scalp study comparing calcipotriol-assisted methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) with conventional MAL-PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis.

Background: Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). To enhance the efficacy of PDT for AKs, physical and chemical pretreatments have been suggested.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of topical calcipotriol (CAL) before methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL)-PDT for AKs of the scalp vs.

Sweet Syndrome: Clinical Features, Histopathology, and Associations of 83 Cases.

Background: Sweet syndrome (SS) is an infrequent skin disease characterised by sudden onset of fever, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and tender erythematous plaques infiltrated by neutrophils. Multiple conditions have been associated with this syndrome.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and histopathological findings and associations of patients with SS.

Data on inflammasome gene polymorphisms of patients with sporadic malignant melanoma in a Brazilian cohort.

This article presents data related to our another article entitled, W.C. Silva, T.

Genotyping and differential expression analysis of inflammasome genes in sporadic malignant melanoma reveal novel contribution of CARD8, IL1B and IL18 in melanoma susceptibility and progression.

Sporadic melanoma malignancy is correlated with constitutive secretion of IL-1β in transformed melanocytes suggesting the involvement of inflammasome in melanoma. Common variants in inflammasome genes are known to affect IL-1β expression. To investigate the contribution of inflammasome genetics in melanoma development and progression and to identify a potential prognostic marker, the distribution of selected inflammasome SNPs was analysed in a Brazilian case/control cohort of sporadic malignant melanoma (SMM) and then the expression of inflammasome components was evaluated in melanoma biopsies.

Phaeohyphomycosis in renal transplantation: report of two cases.

Phaeohyphomycosis is an infection caused by a filamentous fungus that contains pigment melanin in its cell wall. We report two cases caused by Exophiala sp. emphasizing the clinical variability of the disease, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of this opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed patients (kidney transplant).

Increased NY-ESO-1 expression and reduced infiltrating CD3+ T cells in cutaneous melanoma.

NY-ESO-1 is a cancer-testis antigen aberrantly expressed in melanomas, which may serve as a robust and specific target in immunotherapy. NY-ESO-1 antigen expression, tumor features, and the immune profile of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were assessed in primary cutaneous melanoma. NY-ESO-1 protein was detected in 20% of invasive melanomas (16/79), rarely in in situ melanoma (1/10) and not in benign nevi (0/20).

Cutaneous field cancerization: clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects.

The concept of "field cancerization" was first introduced by Slaughter in 1953 when studying the presence of histologically abnormal tissue surrounding oral squamous cell carcinoma. It was proposed to explain the development of multiple primary tumors and locally recurrent cancer. Organ systems in which field cancerization has been described since then are: head and neck (oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx), lung, vulva, esophagus, cervix, breast, skin, colon, and bladder.