Exercise Intensity and Activity Energy Expenditure of Professional Golf Players in Official Competitive Setting.

Background: Research regarding the physical needs of professional golf players is lacking. With advances in wearable technology, it has become easier to analyze physiological responses such as heart rate (HR) to determine activity energy expenditure (AEE). The purpose of the study was to evaluate exercise intensity (EI) and AEE during 4 consecutive tournament's golf rounds using a popular wrist-based HR monitoring.

Increased urinary indoxyl sulfate (indican): new insights into gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Changes in the composition of gut microflora have been associated with an increase in chronic diseases. Indican urinary concentration is one of the most common and easily assessable markers of intestinal dysbiosis. Little information is available on intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Serum adiponectin levels in advanced-stage Parkinson's disease patients.

Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) experience body weight loss and reductions in the most common cardiovascular risk factors. At present, the pathogenetic mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Increased serum concentrations of adiponectin, which possesses antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, are associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk.