Dual cognitive and mobility impairments and future dementia - Setting a research agenda.

Dual cognitive and mobility impairments are associated with an increased risk of dementia. Recent studies examining temporal trajectories of mobility and cognitive function in aging found that dual decline is associated with higher dementia risk than memory decline or gait decline only. Although initial data show that individuals with dual decline or impairment have excessive cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, the causes of dual decline or what underlies dual decline with a high risk of dementia remain largely unknown.

A qualitative study identifying challenges resulting from complex evidence on lifestyle factors and cancer: perspectives from Black and Latina cancer survivors and healthcare providers.

Purpose: Most breast cancer survivors have challenges with adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors. This may be due to contextual challenges that result from the complex nature of the evidence. To address this gap, we explored the experiences of breast cancer survivors of color and oncology healthcare providers.

Partial hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy: a surgical technique.

This is a video demonstration of hemihypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy. Any irreversible facial palsy more than House-Brackmann grade II is aesthetically problematic. Also, the functional and psychological impact associated with a higher grade of facial palsy is even worse.

Atmosferic pressure non-thermal plasma: Preliminary investigation.

Antibacterial activity of atmosferic pressure non-thermal plasma (APNTP) was assessed for bacterial, yeast and mold strains. This investigation is to be considered preliminary: a second step is envisaged in which the efficacy of the technique and the device will be assessed directly on food of animal and plant origin. The strains (ATCC or wild type) of , , , , , , (bacteria); , , , , , , (moulds); and (yeasts) were subjected to plasma plume generated by the action of electric fields with a gas mixture (oxygen and helium) delivered for 5 min at a distance of 2 cm.

Biology of Stress Responses in Aging.

On April 28, 2022, a group of scientific leaders gathered virtually to discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms of responses to stress. Conditions of acute, high-intensity stress are well documented to induce a series of adaptive responses that aim to promote survival until the stress has dissipated and then guide recovery. However, high-intensity or persistent stress that goes beyond the cell's compensatory capacity are countered with resilience strategies that are not completely understood.

Association between walking energy utilisation and longitudinal cognitive performance in older adults.

Background: Human motor function is optimised for energetic efficiency, however, age-related neurodegenerative changes affects neuromotor control of walking. Energy utilisation has been associated with motor performance, but its association with cognitive performance is unknown.

Methods: The study population included 979 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants aged $\ge$50 years (52% female, mean age: 70$\pm$10.

Health Conditions Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia.

Objective: We examined medical records to determine health conditions associated with dementia at varied intervals prior to dementia diagnosis in participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).

Methods: Data were available for 347 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 76 vascular dementia (VaD), and 811 control participants without dementia. Logistic regressions were performed associating International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) health codes with dementia status across all time points, at 5 and 1 year(s) prior to dementia diagnosis, and at the year of diagnosis, controlling for age, sex, and follow-up length of the medical record.

Associations of audiometric hearing and speech-in-noise performance with cognitive decline among older adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).

Background: Established associations between hearing loss and cognitive decline were primarily defined by pure-tone audiometry, which reflects peripheral hearing ability. Speech-in-noise performance, which reflects central hearing ability, is more limited in prior literature. We examined the longitudinal associations of audiometric hearing and speech-in-noise performance with cognitive decline.

Cigarette smoking and mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral artery disease.

Background: This study evaluated the association of smoking with mitochondrial function in gastrocnemius muscle of people with peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods: Participants were enrolled from Chicago, Illinois and consented to gastrocnemius biopsy. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was measured in muscle with respirometry.

Exercise adherence in a randomized controlled trial of exercise on quality of life in ovarian cancer survivors.

Purpose: Factors associated with improving exercise in ovarian cancer survivors remain unknown. We explored characteristics associated with exercise adherence among women treated for ovarian cancer in the Women's Activity and Lifestyle Study in Connecticut (WALC) randomized controlled trial.

Methods: We evaluated adherence among women randomized to the WALC exercise intervention (N = 74).

Personality traits are consistently associated with blood mitochondrial DNA copy number estimated from genome sequences in two genetic cohort studies.

Background: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in tissues and blood can be altered in conditions like diabetes and major depression and may play a role in aging and longevity. However, little is known about the association between mtDNAcn and personality traits linked to emotional states, metabolic health, and longevity. This study tests the hypothesis that blood mtDNAcn is related to personality traits and mediates the association between personality and mortality.

Quality Specific Associations of Carbohydrate Consumption and Frailty Index.

: The quality of carbohydrate consumed may influence the risk of frailty. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that indices of carbohydrate intake are associated with trajectories of frailty in participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). : Cross sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted in 1024 BLSA participants to examine the association between usual intake of carbohydrate and frailty index.

Predicting risk of declining functional ability in community-dwelling older people.

Objective: The frailty phenotype (FP) proposed by Fried and colleagues has been shown to be strongly associated with incident disability, but its discriminative capacities remain suboptimal, with good specificity but a sensitivity of only 10-20%. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the addition to the FP of other biological and social variables may improve the prediction of declining functional ability in community-dwelling older people.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Associations of Olfaction With Longitudinal Trajectories of Brain Volumes and Neuropsychological Function in Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Olfactory function declines with aging, and olfactory deficits are one of the earliest features of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. Previous studies have shown that olfaction is associated with brain volumes and cognitive function, but data are exclusively cross-sectional. We aimed to examine longitudinal associations of olfaction with changes in brain volumes and neuropsychological function.

Aberrant expression and localization of the RAP1 shelterin protein contribute to age-related phenotypes.

Short telomeres induce a DNA damage response (DDR) that evokes apoptosis and senescence in human cells. An extant question is the contribution of telomere dysfunction-induced DDR to the phenotypes observed in aging and telomere biology disorders. One candidate is RAP1, a telomere-associated protein that also controls transcription at extratelomeric regions.

Urinary and Daily Assumption of Polyphenols and Hip-Fracture Risk: Results from the InCHIANTI Study.

A high polyphenol intake has been associated with higher bone-mineral density. In contrast, we recently demonstrated that the urinary levels of these micronutrients were associated with the long-term accelerated deterioration of the bone. To expand on the health consequences of these findings, we assessed the association between urinary level and dietary intake of polyphenols and the 9-year risk of hip fractures in the InCHIANTI study cohort.

Human iPSC-Derived Cortical Neurons Display Homeostatic Plasticity.

Maintaining the excitability of neurons and circuits is fundamental for healthy brain functions. The global compensatory increase in excitatory synaptic strength, in response to decreased activity, is one of the main homeostatic mechanisms responsible for such regulation. This type of plasticity has been extensively characterized in rodents in vivo and in vitro, but few data exist on human neurons maturation.

What microglia depletion approaches tell us about the role of microglia on synaptic function and behavior.

Microglia are dynamic cells, constantly surveying their surroundings and interacting with neurons and synapses. Indeed, a wealth of knowledge has revealed a critical role of microglia in modulating synaptic transmission and plasticity in the developing brain. In the past decade, novel pharmacological and genetic strategies have allowed the acute removal of microglia, opening the possibility to explore and understand the role of microglia also in the adult brain.

Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Association Between Gait Speed, Ankle Proprioception, and LE Numbness-Results From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Mobility declines in older adults can be determined through monitoring longitudinal changes in gait speed. We examined longitudinal changes [in] ankle proprioception among those with and without baseline lower extremity numbness to develop a better understanding of mobility declines in healthy older adults. Participants included 568 adults (52.

Associations of circadian rest/activity rhythms with cognition in middle-aged and older adults: Demographic and genetic interactions.

Objectives: Wrist actigraphs (accelerometers) can record motor activity over multiple days and nights. The resulting data can be used to quantify 24-h activity profiles, known as circadian rest-activity rhythms (CRARs). Actigraphic CRARs have been tied to cognitive performance and decline in older adults; however, little is known about links between CRARs and performance or change in specific cognitive domains, or how individual differences may influence these associations.

Multi-atlas segmentation and quantification of muscle, bone and subcutaneous adipose tissue in the lower leg using peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Accurate and reproducible tissue identification is essential for understanding structural and functional changes that may occur naturally with aging, or because of a chronic disease, or in response to intervention therapies. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is regularly employed for body composition studies, especially for the structural and material properties of the bone. Furthermore, pQCT acquisition requires low radiation dose and the scanner is compact and portable.