A Meal with Ultra-Processed Foods Leads to a Faster Rate of Intake and to a Lesser Decrease in the Capacity to Eat When Compared to a Similar, Matched Meal Without Ultra-Processed Foods.

: It is unknown whether the negative health effects associated with ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are due to their nutritional composition or to the extent of food processing itself. We evaluated the impact of a test meal composed only of UPF, according to the NOVA classification, compared to a similar meal without UPF in adults with obesity. : This is a parallel, randomized trial.

Recovery of chemical components from Spondias mombin L. leaves using pressurized hot water, ultrasound and turbo-extraction techniques.

The fruit of Spondias mombin (cajazeira) is widely consumed in the northeast region of Brazil. In this work, three different extraction methods, namely ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), turbo-extraction (TE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), were evaluated in order to investigate the potential of cajazeira leaves as an alternative source of bioactive compounds. The extraction methods were compared in terms of yield, chemical composition and total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts.

Association Between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Cognitive Performance Among Adolescent Students From Underdeveloped Cities in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: The association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and cognitive performance needs to be better characterized in adolescents, especially in low-income settings, where the cost of human capital is high. This study investigated the association between cognitive performance and UPF in adolescents from the countryside of the Brazilian Northeast.

Methods: Adolescents (15-18 years old) from three public high schools were included.

Gaze-centered gating, reactivation, and reevaluation of economic value in orbitofrontal cortex.

During economic choice, options are often considered in alternation, until commitment. Nonetheless, neuroeconomics typically ignores the dynamic aspects of deliberation. We trained two male macaques to perform a value-based decision-making task in which two risky offers were presented in sequence at the opposite sides of the visual field, each followed by a delay epoch where offers were invisible.

Type and timing of ultra-processed foods consumption and its association with dietary intake and physical activity in women with obesity living in poverty.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the type and timing of ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and its association with dietary intake (DI) and physical activity (PA) in women with obesity living in poverty.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed. Obesity was defined by at least two criteria (body mass index, waist circumference or % fat mass).

The relation between vascular risk factors and flow in cerebral perforating arteries. A 7 Tesla MRI study.

Introduction: Cerebral perforating arteries provide blood supply to the deep regions of the brain. Recently, it became possible to measure blood flow velocity and pulsatility in these small arteries. It is unknown if vascular risk factors are related to these measures.

Age estimation by pulp canal/root ratio in Yorkshire terrier dogs.

Background: The study of the morphological parameters of teeth on dental radiographic images, especially evaluation of the pulp canal/root ratio (PCRR), has been presented as a reliable method to estimate age both in humans and animals. Evaluating PCRR involves a simple, nondestructive procedure that can be used both in living individuals and in cadavers. There is a scarcity of studies assessing the relationship between PCRR and age in dogs .

Pediatric Characteristics Associated With Higher Rates of Monitor Alarms.

Continuous physiologic monitoring commonly is used in pediatric medical-surgical (med-surg) units and is associated with high alarm burden for clinicians. Characteristics of pediatric patients generating high rates of alarms on med-surg units are not known. To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric med-surg patients associated with high rates of clinical alarms.

Flight radius and climatic conditions affect the external activity of stingless bee Melipona rufiventris (Lepeletier, 1836).

The objective of this study was to verify the flight radius and the influence of the climatic season and period of the day on the external activity of Melipona rufiventris bees. The forager bees were released at different distances to evaluate the flight radius. The following were considered for external activities in the four different seasons of the year (Winter, Autumn, Spring, Summer): the entry with no apparent load was considered as nectar/water, entry with defined and opaque mass in the corbicula was considered as pollen, the entry with undefined and shiny mass in the corbicula was considered as resin/clay or bee exit no load and removal of debris, mass trapped by the jaws.

Observing sources of system resilience using in situ alarm simulations.

Alarm fatigue (and resultant alarm nonresponse) threatens the safety of hospitalized patients. Historically threats to patient safety, including alarm fatigue, have been evaluated using a Safety I perspective analyzing rare events such as failure to respond to patients' critical alarms. Safety II approaches call for learning from the everyday adaptations clinicians make to keep patients safe.

Prioritizing educational initiatives on emerging technologies for Italian pediatricians: bibliometric review and a survey.

Background: Emerging technologies have demonstrated outstanding potential in improving healthcare, yet their full integration remains a challenge for all medical specialties, including pediatrics. To support the swift implementation of technologies, we identified the current trends through a bibliometric review, and we conducted a survey on Italian pediatricians to gauge educational needs and willingness to integrate technologies into clinical practice.

Methods: A working group of pediatricians representing various backgrounds designed and coordinated the study.

Diabetes status and other factors as correlates of risk for thrombotic and thromboembolic events during SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide retrospective case-control study using .

Objectives: We sought to examine in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection whether risk for thrombotic and thromboembolic events (TTE) is modified by presence of a diabetes diagnosis. Furthermore, we analysed whether differential risk for TTEs exists in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) versus type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Integration of the CLEFT-Q Patient-Reported Outcome Tool into a Multidisciplinary Cleft and Craniofacial Clinic: A Proof of Concept.

Implementation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools has increased internationally in a variety of clinical settings, with emerging evidence suggesting benefits for patient satisfaction, improved patient-provider communication, and management of chronic conditions. However, integrating PROs into clinical workflow remains a barrier to implementation, with common challenges including patient completion, provider review of results, and future accessibility of data. Cleft lip and/or palate presents with a variety of aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial sequelae optimally managed by a multidisciplinary team, and the CLEFT-Q is a validated 12-module PRO that captures patient perception in these domains.

An "All-Data-on-Hand" Deep Learning Model to Predict Hospitalization for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Development and Validation Study.

Background: Although prior research has identified multiple risk factors for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), clinicians continue to lack clinic-ready models to predict dangerous and costly episodes of DKA. We asked whether we could apply deep learning, specifically the use of a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, to accurately predict the 180-day risk of DKA-related hospitalization for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Objective: We aimed to describe the development of an LSTM model to predict the 180-day risk of DKA-related hospitalization for youth with T1D.

The Electronic Health Record as a Quality Improvement Tool: Exceptional Potential with Special Considerations.

The electronic health record (EHR) offers an exciting opportunity for quality improvement efforts. An understanding of the nuances of a site's EHR landscape including the best practices in clinical decision support design, basics of data capture, and acknowledgment of the potential unintended consequences of technology change is essential to ensuring effective usage of this powerful tool.

Clinician Perspectives on Specifications for Metrics to Inform Pediatric Alarm Management.

Ongoing management of monitor alarms is important for reducing alarm fatigue among clinicians (e.g., nurses, physicians).

Diet and metabolic syndrome: a narrative review.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent condition defined by the presence of at least three out of five risk factors including central obesity, increased fasting glucose, high blood pressure, and dyslipidaemia. Metabolic syndrome is associated with a 2-fold increase in cardiovascular outcomes and a 1.5-fold increase in all-cause mortality.

Analytical Investigations of XIX-XX Century Paints: The Study of Two Vehicles from the Museum for Communications of Frankfurt.

Over the centuries, humans have developed different systems to protect surfaces from the influence of environmental factors. Protective paints are the most used ones. They have undergone considerable development over the years, especially at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk.

Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a "residual cardiovascular risk" in those treated to "target" for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated to lipid components other than LDL and in particular to remnant cholesterol (RC) and to lipoproteins rich in triglycerides in fasting and non-fasting conditions. During fasting, RCs correspond to the cholesterol content of the VLDL and their partially depleted triglyceride remnant containing apoB-100.

Impact of diabetes status and related factors on COVID-19-associated hospitalization: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 116,370 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Aims: We examined diabetes status (no diabetes; type 1 diabetes [T1D]; type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and other demographic and clinical factors as correlates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization. Further, we evaluated predictors of COVID-19-related hospitalization in T1D and T2D.

Methods: We analyzed electronic health record data from the de-identified COVID-19 database (December 2019 through mid-September 2020; 87 US health systems).

Using human factors principles to redesign a 3D lab workflow during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Like most hospitals, our hospital experienced COVID-19 pandemic-related supply chain shortages. Our additive manufacturing lab's capacity to offset these shortages was soon overwhelmed, leading to a need to improve the efficiency of our existing workflow. We undertook a work system analysis guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) construct which is based on human factors and quality improvement principles.