State shifts in the deep Critical Zone drive landscape evolution in volcanic terrains.

Volcanic provinces are among the most active but least well understood landscapes on Earth. Here, we show that the central Cascade arc, USA, exhibits systematic spatial covariation of topography and hydrology that are linked to aging volcanic bedrock, suggesting systematic controls on landscape evolution. At the Cascade crest, a locus of Quaternary volcanism, water circulates deeply through the upper [Formula: see text]1 km of crust but transitions to shallow and dominantly horizontal flow as rocks age away from the arc front.

Epigenome-wide Association Analysis of Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy Provides Insight into Molecular Mechanisms of Disease.

The relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy and nuclear DNA (nDNA) methylation (CpGs) remains to be studied. We conducted an epigenome-wide association analysis of heteroplasmy burden scores across 10,986 participants (mean age 77, 63% women, and 54% non-White races/ethnicities) from seven population-based observational cohorts. We identified 412 CpGs (FDR p < 0.

DNA Methylation Signatures of Cardiovascular Health Provide Insights into Diseases.

Background: The association of overall cardiovascular health (CVH) with changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) has not been well characterized.

Methods: We calculated the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score to reflect CVH in five cohorts with diverse ancestry backgrounds. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for LE8 score were conducted, followed by bioinformatic analyses.

A dataset of course requirements for undergraduate geoscience majors at 50 R1 universities in the United States.

Course requirements for undergraduate degree programs are of wide interest because they signal the subjects and disciplines that departments value, and because they indicate to prospective employers the knowledge and skills that students are trained in. Many geoscience departments are reassessing course requirements for their undergraduate majors in the face of declining enrollments and budgetary pressures. Comparing course requirements among institutions is useful during such reassessments because it enables departments to identify gaps in their curricula and to evaluate their course requirements relative to those at other institutions.

DNA methylation near MAD1L1, KDM2B, and SOCS3 mediates the effect of socioeconomic status on elevated body mass index in African American adults.

Obesity and poverty disproportionally affect African American persons. Epigenetic mechanisms could partially explain the association between socioeconomic disadvantage and body mass index (BMI). We examined the extent to which epigenetic mechanisms mediate the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on BMI.

Epigenome-wide DNA Methylation Association Study of CHIP Provides Insight into Perturbed Gene Regulation.

With age, hematopoietic stem cells can acquire somatic mutations in leukemogenic genes that confer a proliferative advantage in a phenomenon termed "clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential" (CHIP). How these mutations confer a proliferative advantage and result in increased risk for numerous age-related diseases remains poorly understood. We conducted a multiracial meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of CHIP and its subtypes in four cohorts (N=8196) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying CHIP and illuminate how these changes influence cardiovascular disease risk.

Gene expression associations with body mass index in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background/objectives: Obesity, defined as excessive fat accumulation that represents a health risk, is increasing in adults and children, reaching global epidemic proportions. Body mass index (BMI) correlates with body fat and future health risk, yet differs in prediction by fat distribution, across populations and by age. Nonetheless, few genetic studies of BMI have been conducted in ancestrally diverse populations.

The QT interval prolongation potential of anticancer and supportive drugs: a comprehensive overview.

Patients with cancer are prone to prolongation of the corrected QT interval (QTc) due to the use of anticancer drugs with QTc-prolonging potential in combination with electrolyte imbalances caused by, for example, gastrointestinal side-effects. However, most anticancer drugs were approved with little information on their QTc-prolonging potential and the added risk of torsade de pointes. The absence of this information on the drug label poses a considerable challenge to clinicians regarding the measures that need to be taken to safely start anticancer treatment.

Demographic differences in the initiation and maintenance of statins in the first year post ACS in New Zealand: a data linkage study (ANZACS-QI 57).

Introduction: Prior New Zealand studies suggest that only approximately two-thirds of patients who present with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are adequately maintained on a statin post-discharge. This could be due to low initiation and/or poor longer-term adherence.

Aim: To identify the pattern and adequacy of statin maintenance following ACS from initial prescription to one-year post-discharge.

Soluble CD14 Levels in the Jackson Heart Study: Associations With Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Genetic Variants.

[Figure: see text].

Landslides on Ceres: Diversity and Geologic Context.

Landslides are among the most widespread geologic features on Ceres. Using data from Dawn's Framing Camera, landslides were previously classified based upon geomorphologic characteristics into one of three archetypal categories, Type 1(T1), Type 2 (T2), and Type 3 (T3). Due to their geologic context, variation in age, and physical characteristics, most landslides on Ceres are, however, intermediate in their morphology and physical properties between the archetypes of each landslide class.

Effectiveness and toxicity of lenvatinib in refractory thyroid cancer: Dutch real-life data.

Objective: The SELECT trial showed progression-free survival (PFS) benefit for lenvatinib for advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-refractory or RR-DTC) patients, on which current clinical practice is based. We assessed whether the effectiveness and toxicity of lenvatinib in real-life clinical practice in the Netherlands were comparable to the pivotal SELECT trial.

Methods: From three Dutch centres Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of patients treated in the lenvatinib compassionate use program or as standard of care were reviewed and checked for SELECT eligibility criteria.

[Medication safety in trials is not sufficiently guaranteed].

We suspected that safety of medication in clinical studies is not sufficiently guaranteed, despite a variety of safety nets. In order to check whether this suspicion is correct, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 75 patients enrolled in 11 clinical studies conducted at our hospital in the last couple of years. We focused specifically on the number of clinically relevant interactions between study medication and concomitant medication and on the information in the study protocol to prevent such interactions.

Pandemic Uropathogenic Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli Have Enhanced Ability to Persist in the Gut and Cause Bacteriuria in Healthy Women.

We report that fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli are found in feces of 8.8% of healthy women, with most bacteria belonging to pandemic multidrug-resistant ST131-H30R or ST1193 clonal groups. Moreover, these highly uropathogenic clonal groups demonstrate an especially prolonged gut persistence and high rate of bacteriuria without documented urinary tract infection.

Rapid and Extensive Expansion in the United States of a New Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli Clonal Group, Sequence Type 1193.

We describe the rapid and ongoing emergence across multiple US cities of a new multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clone-sequence type (ST) 1193-resistant to fluoroquinolones (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (55%), and tetracycline (53%). ST1193 is associated with younger adults (age <40 years) and currently comprises a quarter of fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical E. coli urine isolates.

ICare-ACS (Improving Care Processes for Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome): A Study of Cross-System Implementation of a National Clinical Pathway.

Background: Efforts to safely reduce length of stay for emergency department patients with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have had mixed success. Few system-wide efforts affecting multiple hospital emergency departments have ever been evaluated. We evaluated the effectiveness of a nationwide implementation of clinical pathways for potential ACS in disparate hospitals.

Is cardiomegaly on chest radiograph representative of true cardiomegaly: a cross-sectional observational study comparing cardiac size on chest radiograph to that on echocardiography.

Aims: To determine whether or not cardiomegaly identified on chest radiograph (CXR) is indicative of true cardiomegaly as determined using echocardiography (echo) as the gold standard tool, and therefore whether or not cardiomegaly on CXR should be investigated further.

Methods: CXR and echocardiogram reports were reviewed for the presence of cardiomegaly in a population following non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Data was evaluated to determine whether cardiomegaly reported on CXR did indeed represent true cardiomegaly.

Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment on Renal Function in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with impaired renal function, but uncertainty exists over whether OSA treatment can influence renal outcomes.

Objectives: To determine the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on renal function in subjects with coexisting OSA and cardiovascular disease.

Methods: This was a substudy of the international SAVE (Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints) trial, in which 2,717 patients with moderate to severe OSA and established coronary or cerebrovascular disease were randomized to receive either CPAP plus usual care or usual care alone.

Dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) can suffer from fungal infections, which can be treated with voriconazole. In common practice, the voriconazole doses are extrapolated from human doses by adjusting for body weight only, because no dose regimen is available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define a dose regimen for voriconazole in bottlenose dolphins.

Correlation between vectorcardiographic measures and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the left ventricle in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator population.

Background: Measures of vectorcardiographic changes and LV remodelling have been associated with arrhythmic risk. However the correlation between the two modalities is not well characterised.

Methods: We correlated spatial QRS-T angle and ventricular gradient with cardiac MRI derived LV global measures and scar pattern in 66 ICD recipients.

Climatic control of bedrock river incision.

Bedrock river incision drives the development of much of Earth's surface topography, and thereby shapes the structure of mountain belts and modulates Earth's habitability through its effects on soil erosion, nutrient fluxes and global climate. Although it has long been expected that river incision rates should depend strongly on precipitation rates, quantifying the effects of precipitation rates on bedrock river incision rates has proved difficult, partly because river incision rates are difficult to measure and partly because non-climatic factors can obscure climatic effects at sites where river incision rates have been measured. Here we present measurements of river incision rates across one of Earth's steepest rainfall gradients, which show that precipitation rates do indeed influence long-term bedrock river incision rates.

The root of branching river networks.

Branching river networks are one of the most widespread and recognizable features of Earth's landscapes and have also been discovered elsewhere in the Solar System. But the mechanisms that create these patterns and control their spatial scales are poorly understood. Theories based on probability or optimality have proven useful, but do not explain how river networks develop over time through erosion and sediment transport.