The role of defects in the persistent photoconductivity of BaSnOthin films.

Time-dependent photoconductivity (PC) and PC spectra have been studied in oxygen deficient BaSnOthin films grown on different substrates. X-ray spectroscopy measurements show that the films have epitaxially grown on MgO and SrTiOsubstrates. While on MgO the films are nearly unstrained, on SrTiOthe resulting film is compressive strained in the plane.

Mucin-derived O-glycans supplemented to diet mitigate diverse microbiota perturbations.

Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) are powerful modulators of microbiota composition and function. These substrates are often derived from diet, such as complex polysaccharides from plants or human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) during breastfeeding. Host-derived mucus glycans on gut-secreted mucin proteins serve as a continuous endogenous source of MACs for resident microbes; here we investigate the potential role of purified, orally administered mucus glycans in maintaining a healthy microbial community.

Modification of the photoconducting properties of ZnO thin films via low-temperature annealing and air exposure.

A simple thermal annealing at 150 °C followed by exposure to air ambient conditions in epitaxial ZnO thin films produces a photoconductivity enhancement and a reduction of the energy gap. The first effect is related to a release of carriers from bulk traps while the second is caused by a gradual adsorption of species on the film surface which increases the band bending, as x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) shows. An observed drift of the photoconductivity and the energy gap over the days is connected to this adsorption kinetics.

The s-d exchange model as the underlying mechanism of magnetoresistance in ZnO doped with alkali metals.

High field magnetoresistance has been studied in epitaxial n-type ZnO:Na and ZnO:Li thin films in a temperature range between 4 K and 150 K. The resulting negative magnetoresistance can be well fitted using a semiempirical model of Khosla and Fischer based on third order contributions to the s-d exchange Hamiltonian. The parameters obtained from this model were carefully analyzed.

Host-Microbiota Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Antibiotic-Associated Diseases.

Improved understanding of the interplay between host and microbes stands to illuminate new avenues for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Here, we provide a high-resolution view of the dynamics between host and gut microbiota during antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota depletion, opportunistic Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium difficile pathogenesis, and recovery from these perturbed states in a mouse model. Host-centric proteome and microbial community profiles provide a nuanced longitudinal view, revealing the interdependence between host and microbiota in evolving dysbioses.

A small-molecule antivirulence agent for treating Clostridium difficile infection.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a worldwide health threat that is typically triggered by the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which disrupt the natural gut microbiota and allow this Gram-positive anaerobic pathogen to thrive. The increased incidence and severity of disease coupled with decreased response, high recurrence rates, and emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains have created an urgent need for new therapies. We describe pharmacological targeting of the cysteine protease domain (CPD) within the C.

Gut microbiota-produced succinate promotes C. difficile infection after antibiotic treatment or motility disturbance.

Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The mechanisms underlying C. difficile expansion after microbiota disturbance are just emerging.

The Enteric Two-Step: nutritional strategies of bacterial pathogens within the gut.

The gut microbiota is a dense and diverse microbial community governed by dynamic microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions, the status of which influences whether enteric pathogens can cause disease. Here we review recent insights into the key roles that nutrients play in bacterial pathogen exploitation of the gut microbial ecosystem. We synthesize recent findings to support a five-stage model describing the transition between a healthy microbiota and one dominated by a pathogen and disease.

Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens.

The human intestine, colonized by a dense community of resident microbes, is a frequent target of bacterial pathogens. Undisturbed, this intestinal microbiota provides protection from bacterial infections. Conversely, disruption of the microbiota with oral antibiotics often precedes the emergence of several enteric pathogens.

Complex interactions among diet, gastrointestinal transit, and gut microbiota in humanized mice.

Background & Aims: Diet has major effects on the intestinal microbiota, but the exact mechanisms that alter complex microbial communities have been difficult to elucidate. In addition to the direct influence that diet exerts on microbes, changes in microbiota composition and function can alter host functions such as gastrointestinal (GI) transit time, which in turn can further affect the microbiota.

Methods: We investigated the relationships among diet, GI motility, and the intestinal microbiota using mice that are germ-free (GF) or humanized (ex-GF mice colonized with human fecal microbiota).

Subcellular localization directs signaling specificity of the Cryptococcus neoformans Ras1 protein.

In the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, Ras signaling mediates sexual differentiation, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. By studying Ras prenylation and palmitoylation in this organism, we have found that the subcellular localization of this protein dictates its downstream signaling specificity. Inhibiting C.

Ubiquitin-like protein involved in the proteasome pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The protein modifier ubiquitin is a signal for proteasome-mediated degradation in eukaryotes. Proteasome-bearing prokaryotes have been thought to degrade proteins via a ubiquitin-independent pathway. We have identified a prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein, Pup (Rv2111c), which was specifically conjugated to proteasome substrates in the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

[Young football players aerobic perfomance in sub-maximum exercise with exhaustion at a moderate altitude without acclimation: experience in El Condor].

Antecedents: With the same intensity of sub-maximum effort, the concentration of serum (LS) or muscular lactate is higher in Hypoxia conditions, or exercise at an altitude without acclimation, in relation with normoxia or at sea level (MSL). The highest level of lactate after fatigue or in a test of strict anaerobic condition, would not be modified when altitude changes without previous acclimation.

Objective: To abtain local data about the magnitude of the affect in SL of a effective altitude at 1,700 meters without acclimation, as a parameter of aerobic performance of young soccer players of our environment who live and train at sea level.

[Body training and insulin resistance in two rural communities of Cordoba - Argentina].

Unlabelled: From the AF, the smaller risk is controversial. The influence of the general and environmental components on IR is not know in a satisfactory way.

Objectives: The influence of AF on the prevail IR in two rural communities of Córdoba with different fenotipical configuration and IR risk.