Age-dependent phenotypes of cognitive impairment as sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Cognitive changes associated with PASC may not be uniform across populations. We conducted individual-level pooled analyses and meta-analyses of cognitive assessments from eight prospective cohorts, comprising 2,105 patients and 1,432 controls from Argentina, Canada, Chile, Greece, India, Italy, Russia, and the UK. The meta-analysis found no differences by country of origin.

A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development.

Introduction: Chile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy.

Objectives: Provide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology.

Global variations in gallbladder cancer incidence: What do recorded data and national estimates tell us?

On a global scale, gallbladder cancer is a relatively rare cancer with a striking variability in incidence across countries and world regions. We examined recent geographic variations worldwide based on national gallbladder cancer incidence estimates for the year 2022 from the GLOBOCAN database for 185 countries alongside recorded incidence data from the most recent volume of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. In 2022, 122,491 new gallbladder cancer cases and 89,055 deaths were estimated to occur worldwide, of which 64.

Sex disparities in gallstone disease: insights from the MAUCO prospective population-based cohort study.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of gallstone disease (GSD) in women and men of the MAUCO population-based prospective cohort.

Design: 8948 MAUCO participants (aged 38-74 years) underwent abdominal ultrasound at baseline (2015-2019); 4385 received follow-up ultrasound at years 2 or 4. Factors associated with prevalent GSD were assessed using Poisson multiple regression and with incident GSD using Cox regression models.

Association between public health policies on alcohol and worldwide cancer, liver disease and cardiovascular disease outcomes.

Background & Aims: The long-term impact of alcohol-related public health policies (PHPs) on disease burden is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between alcohol-related PHPs and alcohol-related health consequences.

Methods: We conducted an ecological multi-national study including 169 countries.

Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st edition: Formative research on the comprehension and persuasiveness of the recommendations by the general population.

Background: Cancer prevention is the most efficient and cost-effective strategy in cancer control. One prevention strategy is giving credible, clear, and evidence-based recommendations to the individual; however, it is key that these messages are accepted and understood properly by the public. This study aimed to pilot the draft recommendations developed as part of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Code Against Cancer 1st edition, in terms of comprehension and persuasion of each message.

Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st Edition: 17 cancer prevention recommendations to the public and to policy-makers (World Code Against Cancer Framework).

Preventable risk factors are responsible of at least 40% of cases and almost 45% of all cancer deaths worldwide. Cancer is already the leading cause of death in almost half of the Latin American and the Caribbean countries constituting a public health problem. Cost-effective measures to reduce exposures through primary prevention and screening of certain types of cancers are critical in the fight against cancer but need to be tailored to the local needs and scenarios.

Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against cancer 1st edition: Environment, occupation, and cancer.

Within the framework of the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC) Code Against Cancer 1st edition, the current work presents recommendations to reduce exposure to environmental and occupational carcinogenic agents relevant for LAC. Using the methodology established by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in the World Code Against Cancer Framework and experience from developing the European Code Against Cancer 4th edition, a working group of LAC cancer-prevention experts reviewed the list of Group I IARC carcinogenic agents, identified prevalent environmental and occupational exposures in the region, and proposed evidence-based cancer prevention recommendations suited to the epidemiological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions of LAC countries. Two sets of recommendations were drafted: those targeting the general public and a second set for policymakers.

Comprehensive Analysis of Equid Herpesvirus Recombination: An Insight Into the Repeat Regions.

High-throughput sequencing of genomes has expanded our knowledge of the Alphaherpesvirinae, a widely extended subfamily of DNA viruses that recombine to increase their genetic diversity. It has been acknowledged that equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4), two alphaherpesviruses with an economic impact on the horse industry, can recombine. This work aimed to analyze interspecific recombination between all equid alphaherpesvirus species, using genomes of EHV-1, EHV-3, EHV-4, EHV-6, EHV-8, and EHV-9 available in GenBank.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Subjective Memory Complaint in a Semi-Rural Community in Chile.

Background: Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are commonly studied in older adults and have been identified as potentially prodromal to dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Studies among younger adults from South America are lacking.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of SMC and the factors associated with it among Maule Cohort (MAUCO) participants.

How Did We Get Here: The Best Vaccines Ever Facing the Highest Public Hesitancy?

mRNA vaccine technology is the most interesting final product of decades of research. This new platform for public health is simple to transfer to low-income countries and can be used against diverse agents, including cancer. It is environmentally clean, relatively low-cost, and does not use animals for its production.

Association between salt intake and gastric atrophy by Helicobacter pylori infection: first results from the Epidemiological Investigation of Gastric Malignancy (ENIGMA).

Purpose: Gastric atrophy (GA), usually linked to chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), may over time evolve into gastric malignancy. Besides H.

Chronic pain in Chile: first prevalence report of noncancer chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain and its associated factors.

Although we know chronic pain (CP) affects approximately 30% of people in developed countries, data from Latin America are scarce. Moreover, prevalence of specific CP conditions, such as chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), fibromyalgia (FM), and neuropathic pain (NP), is unknown. To estimate them in Chile, we prospectively enrolled 1945 participants (61.

The association between walking pace and grip strength and all-cause mortality: A prospective analysis from the MAUCO cohort.

Objective: This study investigated the individual and combined association of walking pace and grip strength with all-cause mortality in Chilean adults.

Study Design: 8813 participants (54.6 % women) from the MAUCO population-based cohort were included in this prospective study.

Transmission of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria following differing exposure to antibiotic-resistance reservoirs in a rural community: a modelling study for bloodstream infections.

Exposure to community reservoirs of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria (GN-ARB) genes poses substantial health risks to individuals, complicating potential infections. Transmission networks and population dynamics remain unclear, particularly in resource-poor communities. We use a dynamic compartment model to assess GN-ARB transmission quantitatively, including the susceptible, colonised, infected, and removed populations at the community-hospital interface.

The impact of prenatal and early-life arsenic exposure on epigenetic age acceleration among adults in Northern Chile.

Exposure to arsenic affects millions of people globally. Changes in the epigenome may be involved in pathways linking arsenic to health or serve as biomarkers of exposure. This study investigated associations between prenatal and early-life arsenic exposure and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in adults, a biomarker of morbidity and mortality.

A preliminary study on aflatoxin exposure by urine biomonitoring in Chile.

We assessed the occurrence of aflatoxin M (AFM) in urine in a sample of the MAUCO population-based cohort (n = 120) using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kit specially designed for the analysis of AFM in urine. We found AFM in the urine of 59% of the participants (> limit of detection), with 12% of the samples being over the limit of quantification. The mean of the quantifiable samples was 0.