[Consumption of vitamin A in intact and castrated rats. Relation to tocopherol and cytochrome P 450].

There are significant differences between castrated and non castrated male Rats in regard to vitamine A hepatic storage and plasma level. Cytochrom P 450 levels are the same in both groups. Those results are discussed.

Metabolic changes in red blood cells in malignant lymphomas.

Serum copper levels (SCL) which are concomitantly related to red blood cell free copper are significantly increased in some malignant lymphomas in the phase of activity. This results in a profound inhibition of red cell key glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase (Hx) being the most sensitive. Fifteen patients (eight with Hodgkin's disease and seven with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) were studied for serum and red cell copper concentrations and Hx activity.

[Toxicity by relay. III. Safety for the human consumer of the use of Carbadox, a feed additive for swine, as estimated by a 7 years relay toxicity on dogs].

To check the possible toxicity risks of the meat from swine fed with a residue producing feed additive: Carbadox, a new methodology was used. It is the "Relay Toxicity". Swine were fed with a high dose of the additive and sacrificed without any withdrawal.

[Induction of cytochrome P 450 by phenobarbital in cats].

Phenobarbital administration to the Cat an animal hypersensitive to the actions of many toxic substances or to physiological compounds such as hormones, does not produce cytochrome P 450 induction. Consequently, hepatic storage of retinol remains unchanged. The specific and original characteristics of the Cat in this field are underlined by these results.

The diagnosis of liver hydatid disease in children by scintigraphy.

The results of scintigraphy in 143 children with suspected hydatid disease are reported. In 65 cases, the presence of cysts as detected by scintigraphy was confirmed at surgery. In 78 cases, scintigraphy ruled out liver hydatid disease.

Principles of a full 'relay toxicity' experiment and results conducted with carbadox, a feed additive used as growth promoter for growing swine.

Relay toxicity is a new approach which permits an evaluation of the harmlessness of residues found in tissue, for the human consumer. Farm animals, swine for example, received high quantities of the additive over a long period. The swine were sacrificed without any withdrawal.

Animal feed additive regulation in the Common Market: rules, principles and ideas.

The fundamental factors which govern legislation relating to the use of additives are examined. The rules advocated are as follows: 1) All additives unless licensed remain strictly prohibited. 2) There must be a severe but realistic appraisal of additives to be authorised, taking into account the interests of the farmer and the health of the consumer, particularly in respect of cumulative toxicity and relay toxicity.

[Joint effects of dietary protein levels and vitamin A additions on the induction of cytochrome P450 by DDT in rats].

A 5 P. 100 level of protein from casein in a diet does not allow vitamin A to modify significantly induction of cytochrome P 450 on the Rat receiving or not receiving DDT. When the protein increases to a 15 p.

["Milk aflatoxin" and transfer of toxicity].

Diet including 20 p. 100 of lyophilised milk produced by Goat who consumes peanut meals containing 1,530, 79 and 54 microng/kg aflatoxins with 1,136, 64 and 54 microng/kg aflatoxin B1, is given to duckling during 23 days. There is no influence of this diet on growth, feed efficiency and liver or kidney histology.

[Diet imbalances and aflatoxicosis].

Generally we know influences of diet's balances or imbalances upon toxicants. Some actions appear with aflatoxins as shown by studies on rat, pig, calf, poultry, turkey and duckling. According to species considered, oral administration of aflatoxins reduces food consummation, Nitrogen balance, respiratory coefficient.

[Vitamin A-vitamin D3 relationship in growing rats].

A relation vitamin A - vitamin D3 exists in diet for growing rats. When this decreases from 5 (microgram A - IU D3) or 15 (IU A - IU D3) to 1,25 (microgram/IU) or 3,75 (IU/IU) growth, calcemia are increasing but vitamin A hepatic storage is decreasing. In other words for a same quantity of retinol, cholecalciferol's level in diet determines hepatic stores of vitamin A.

[Absorption of diethylstilbestrol (DES) by plants. Dangers of using manure of animals treated with DES].

Diethylstilboestrol, an anabolist used per os or in sub-cutaneous implants in a number of countries, but not in France, on animals of the bovine species, is absorbed by plants when spread on alfafa cultures. As this product is eliminated to a great extent through the fecal matter, its presence in fertilisers constitutes a danger to the environment, in view of its toxicity, whether direct or transmitted. This is a further reason for its use to be banned.

[Levels of lead on the livers of dogs from the Paris region].

Lead level has been determined in the liver of 51 Dogs of different ages, sex and breed from districts of Paris. This level is from 0,16 ppm (fresh weight) up to 5,4 ppm. 23 p.

[Induction of cytochrome P450 and vitamin A. Study in swine under the influence of DDT].

DDT induces in young Pigs a rise of hepatic level of cytochrome P 450 and a concomitant decrease of the hepatic "reserve" of retinol. The amplitude of these effects varies according to the hepatic lobe submitted to analysis.

[Specific toxicological considerations on anabolic agents; transmitted toxicity].

The growth of populations and the spread of urbanization, resulting in new agricultural structures, have entailed a concentration of livestock production and recourse to new techniques. Of some importance among these techniques is the enteric or parenteral administration of substances in very low doses. These substances include anabolic agents, some of which, like many natural feeds, exhibit hormonal activity.

[Results of 8 years' research on the toxicologic evaluation of animal food additives by the so-called relay toxicity method].

The authors report the underlying principles of the new methodological approach called "relay toxicity" which they proposed eight years ago for the toxicological evaluation of animal feed additives. They stress its value either as a possible criterion of rejection or as a criterion of acceptability. In the latter case, the limiting factor is the difficulty of applying an adequate safety factor when food products destined for human consumption and obtained from animals receiving the additives to be evaluated are administered to laboratory animals.