Lipidomics and genomics in mental health: insights into major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Introduction: This systematic review explores the hypothesis that various lipid categories and lipid metabolism-related genomic variations link to mental disorders, seeking potential clinically useful markers.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases until October 12th, 2024, using terms related to lipidomics, lipid-related genomics, and different mental disorders, i.e.

ADHD in adults and criminal behavior: The role of psychiatric comorbidities and clinical and sociodemographic factors in a clinical sample.

Introduction: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with functional, behavioral, and relational difficulties. Its onset is in childhood, before the age of 12, and it often persists into adulthood. This study investigates the link between ADHD in adulthood, psychiatric comorbidities, and the risk of criminal behavior, analyzing the impact of clinical and sociodemographic variables.

Violence Against Healthcare Workers in a University Hospital of Central Italy: How Risk Management Interventions Can Help Change a Trend.

: Violence against workers (physical, verbal, or psychological abuse), even if it affects all professional categories, is up to ten times higher in healthcare workers. A University Hospital of Central Italy has gradually implemented a series of preventive measures, which might have impacted the trend of the phenomenon. : In order to monitor the episodes, an aggressive event reporting form was adopted throughout the hospital.

Investigating DRD2 and HTR2A polymorphisms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a comparative analysis with other treatment-resistant mental disorders and the healthy state.

This study investigates treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) by analysing genetic markers in dopamine and serotonin receptors. Conducted on a cohort of 221 patients with treatment-resistant mental disorders, the research focused on DRD2 and HTR2A gene variants-specifically, rs1801028, rs6314, rs7997012, and rs6311. The findings suggest specific associations between certain genetic variants and TRS.

Decisional capacity to consent to treatment in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Obtaining informed consent in vulnerable populations like children and adolescents, is a relevant issue and raises ethical concerns. Minors are considered unable to consent to treatment, and permission from guardians is required for them. Nevertheless, several studies have been carried out on the competence of pediatric patients, with mixed results.

Efficacy of treatment approaches for stalking offenders: a systematic review.

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of treatments approaches in reducing the risk of reoffending in stalking perpetrators.

Design: A systematic search was conducted on Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus.

Setting: The United States, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, and Italy.

Clinical and legal issues of inmates' food refusal: the importance of decision-making capacity assessment.

Inmates' food refusal is a large-scale phenomenon raising clinical, ethical, and professional responsibility issues. Obtaining a clinical balance of the right to refuse food with the right to protect the inmate's health can be a challenging process. Several reasons may support inmates' choice of refusing food, including political or protest reasons, as well as psychiatric disorders.

The Relationship of Frailty with Psychopathology, Childhood Traumas and Insecure Attachment in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Investigation.

Objective: Reciprocal connections exist between mental health and physical health, and conditions of cellular senescence/advanced biological age have been observed in association with certain psychiatric diseases. However, the construct of frailty has only preliminarily been explored in young adults and in relation to psychopathology so far. In the present study we aimed at further elucidating the relationships linking psychopathological phenomena with physical diseases in a sample of young adults.

A coordinate-based meta-analysis of grey matter volume differences between adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls.

According to the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the striatum plays a primary role in its neuropathophysiology. Hypothesising that volumetric alterations are more pronounced in subcortical areas of patients within the CSTC circuit compared to healthy controls (HCs), we conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. We included 26 whole-brain MRI studies, comprising 3,010 subjects: 1,508 patients (788 men, 720 women; mean age: 30.

Is the Hedgehog Pathway Involved in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia? A Systematic Review of Current Evidence of Neural Molecular Correlates and Perspectives on Drug Development.

Among the pathophysiological correlates of schizophrenia, recent research suggests a potential role for the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, which has been traditionally studied in embryonic development and oncology. Its dysregulation may impact brain homeostasis, neuroplasticity, and potential involvement in neural processes. This systematic review provides an overview of the involvement of Hh signalling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and antipsychotic responses.

Reliability of clinical judgment for evaluation of informed consent in mental health settings and the validation of the Evaluation of Informed Consent to Treatment (EICT) scale.

Introduction: The competence assessment to give informed consent in the legal and healthcare settings is often performed merely through clinical judgment. Given the acknowledged limited reliability of clinician-based evaluation in the mental health sector, particularly for the assessment of competence to consent, our objective was to ascertain the dependability of clinical judgment when evaluating the ability of schizophrenia patients to make choices about their health.

Methods: The potential convergence between clinical evaluation and scores from a new standardized assessment (the "Evaluation of Informed Consent to Treatment" - "EICT" scale) was therefore tested.

Parietal resting-state EEG alpha source connectivity is associated with subcortical white matter lesions in HIV-positive people.

Objective: Parietal resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha (8-10 Hz) source connectivity is abnormal in HIV-positive persons. Here we tested whether this abnormality may be associated with subcortical white matter vascular lesions in the cerebral hemispheres.

Methods: Clinical, rsEEG, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets in 38 HIV-positive persons and clinical and rsEEG datasets in 13 healthy controls were analyzed.

The ecological validity of the IOP-29: A follow-up study using the MMPI-2-RF and the SIMS as criterion variables.

Current guidelines for conducting symptom validity assessments require that professionals administer multiple symptom validity tests (SVTs) and that the SVTs selected for their evaluations provide nonredundant information. However, not many SVTs are currently available, and most of them rely on the same, (in)frequency-based, feigning detection strategy. In this context, the Inventory of Problems (IOP-29) could be a valuable addition to the assessor's toolbox because of its brevity (29 items) and its different approach to assessing the credibility of presented symptoms.

Facing the Shadow Pandemic: Correlation and Trend Analyses of Violence Reports from Women to the Italian National Anti-Violence Number during 2021.

Objectives: To help to tackle gender-based violence against women in the aftermath of COVID-19 or other potential crisis situations, as recommended by the European Institute for Gender Equality, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between calls to the National Anti-violence Number (NAN) and the socio-sanitary pandemic factors during 2021, a period in which the scenario changed due to containment measures that gradually allowed women to emerge from the condition of isolation. In addition, the present work aims to identify significant changes in the number of calls to NAN during the progression of the pandemic in 2021.

Methods: Using Italian Civil Protection Department data on the socio-sanitary pandemic factors (defined by daily number of cases, swabs, deaths, hospitalizations, dismissions, intensive care unit hospitalizations, people isolated at home, and quarantine after 15 and 30 days) and NAN data.

Machine Learning and Pharmacogenomics at the Time of Precision Psychiatry.

Traditional medicine and biomedical sciences are reaching a turning point because of the constantly growing impact and volume of Big Data. Machine Learning (ML) techniques and related algorithms play a central role as diagnostic, prognostic, and decision-making tools in this field. Another promising area becoming part of everyday clinical practice is personalized therapy and pharmacogenomics.

Decision-Making and Abuse, What Relationship in Victims of Violence?

Gender-Based violence is a worldwide persisting phenomenon: during their lifetime, 30% of women have experienced sexual and/or physical violence. The literature has investigated for several years the association between abuse and possible psychiatric and psychological consequences which may occur even after many years. The most common consequences involve mood and stress disorders (e.

Structured instruments for insanity defense evaluations: Opportunities and limitations.

Insanity evaluations are often criticized for their-alleged-lack of objectivity, reliability and transparency. Structured tools to guide and support forensic evaluators during these evaluations have been developed-but they are rarely employed in forensic practice. In the present article, we consider the value of these tools for forensic practice in terms of opportunities and limitations.

The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma, Pathological Dissociation, and Behavioral Addictions in Young Adults: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Interactions between childhood trauma (CT) and dissociation can contribute to psychiatric disturbances. We explored this phenomenon in relation to behavioral addictions (BAs) in a sample ( = 633) of young adults (age: 18-34 years). Self-report measures investigating CT, dissociation, and symptoms related to gambling disorder, internet gaming disorder, problematic social media use, exercise dependence and compulsive buying were used.

Correlations between cortical gyrification and schizophrenia symptoms with and without comorbid hostility symptoms.

Introduction: Interest in identifying the clinical implications of the neuropathophysiological background of schizophrenia is rising, including changes in cortical gyrification that may be due to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Inpatients with schizophrenia can show abnormal gyrification of cortical regions correlated with the symptom severity.

Methods: Our study included 36 patients that suffered an acute episode of schizophrenia and have undergone structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to calculate the local gyrification index (LGI).

Acquired Pedophilia: international Delphi-method-based consensus guidelines.

Idiopathic and acquired pedophilia are two different disorders with two different etiologies. However, the differential diagnosis is still very difficult, as the behavioral indicators used to discriminate the two forms of pedophilia are underexplored, and clinicians are still devoid of clear guidelines describing the clinical and neuroscientific investigations suggested to help them with this difficult task. Furthermore, the consequences of misdiagnosis are not known, and a consensus regarding the legal consequences for the two kinds of offenders is still lacking.