Phylogenetic analysis of HPAI H5N1 virus from duck swab specimens in Indonesia.

Objective: A phylogenetic study was carried out on the avian influenza virus (AIV) isolated from a disease outbreak in Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in 2018.

Material And Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs and organ samples were obtained from ducks that showed clinical symptoms: torticollis, fascial edema, neurological disorders, the corneas appear cloudy, and death occurs less than 1 day after symptoms appear. In this study, isolate A/duck/Sidenreng Rappang/07180110-11/2018 from duck was sequenced and characterized.

Application of a healthy food markets guide to two Indonesian markets to reduce transmission of "avian flu".

Problem: The World Health Organization (WHO) developed a guideline with 10 control measures to reduce transmission of A(H5N1) avian influenza virus in markets in low-resource settings. The practical aspects of guide implementation have never been described.

Approach: WHO's guideline was implemented in two Indonesian markets in the city of Makassar to try to reduce transmission of the A(H5N1) virus.