Parental knowledge attitude and practices about chemical and medicinal poisons: A hospital based study from Karachi, Pakistan.

Background: Unintentional poisoning is among the leading cause of death in children less than 20 years age. The incidence of unintentional poisoning in Low-income countries LMICs is four times higher compared to high-income countries (HICs). In Pakistan a 10% (25/211) incidence of unintentional poisonings among 0-15-year-old children has been reported.

Implementation of disease-based standard order sets in emergency department of tertiary care hospital, Pakistan - a novel approach for enhancing patient care.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of disease-based standard order sets in reducing time of order entry, order processing and medication dispensation in emergency department of a tertiary care hospital.

Method: The pilot study was conducted as part of a retrospective clinical audit using pre- and post-intervention design comprising data from July to September 2013 of the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Data collected related to the reduction in medicine order entry, processing and dispensing time of eight common emergency conditions with standard order set.

Clinical outcome of paediatric patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) receiving 3% hypertonic saline (HTS) in the emergency room of a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To determine the clinical outcome and mean length of hospital stay of paediatric patients with severe blunt traumatic head injury (THI) receiving 3% hypertonic saline (HTS) in the Emergency Department (ED).

Methodology: This case series study was conducted at the Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from 2014 to 2015 via chart review of 105 patients. Detailed history and clinical examination of all paediatric patients aged 2-16 years was recorded which included moderate to severe head injury as classified by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) by the Brain Trauma Foundation.