Cardiovascular hemodynamic response to peak exercise in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition resulting in decreased aerobic capacity (peak VO). The hemodynamic responses to peak exercise in MS are unknown. Further, it is unknown if the hemodynamic responses are due to disease or fitness.

Blunted Exercise Pressor Response to Isometric Knee Extension and Post Exercise Ischemia in Individuals with Down Syndrome.

Introduction: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit autonomic dysfunction, which contributes to reduced work capacity. The metaboreflex produces exercise-induced sympathoexcitation and can be assessed via post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). Blunted sympathoexcitation is common in individuals with DS and contributes to the physiological basis for reduced work capacity observed this population, but the influence of the metaboreflex is unknown.

Aerobic Training Attenuates Differences Between Black and White Adults in Left Ventricular-Vascular Coupling and Wasted Pressure Effort.

Background: Black compared with White adults have a higher risk for left-ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure possibly due to the early onset of alterations in ventricular-vascular coupling (ie, arterial [] to ventricular elastance [] ratio) and wasted pressure effort (). Aerobic training preserves the coupling ratio (/) and attenuates , but whether this applies to Black adults is unknown. We hypothesized that Black rather than White adults would have greater training-induced improvements in the / and .

The influence of vigorous physical exertion on cardiac demand under conditions of daily living among firefighters with elevated blood pressure.

Background: Firefighters have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The poor heart health of firefighters is implicated in their increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Exercise may be protective against SCD partially due to the immediate blood pressure (BP) reductions of 5-8 mmHg following exercise, termed postexercise hypotension (PEH) OBJECTIVES: To examine PEH under ambulatory conditions after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) among career firefighters METHODS: Firefighters (n = 19) completed a maximal CPET and non-exercise control (CONTROL) in random order on separate non-workdays and left the laboratory instrumented to an ambulatory BP (ABP) monitor.

Inverse association between arterial stiffness and perceived fatigue independent of disability status and BMI in multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Fatigue represents one of the most prevalent and limiting symptoms of MS, and is associated with vascular dysfunction, notably increased arterial stiffness.

Objective: This study examined the relationship between arterial stiffness and perceived fatigue in persons with MS.

Home- vs gym-based exercise delivery modes of two multicomponent intensity training regimes on cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness in adults with intellectual and developmental disability during the COVID-19 pandemic - a randomized controlled trial.

We compared the effects of home- vs gym-based delivery modes of two 8-week supervised multicomponent intensity training regimes on cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness in 17 adults with intellectual and developmental disability during the COVID-19 pandemic. : Participants were assigned to sprint interval training or continuous aerobic training, both incorporating resistance training. The intervention started with 8-weeks of online training (M1-M2), 1-month of detraining, plus 8-weeks of gym-based training (M3-M4).

Exercise testing unmasks exaggerated blood pressure independent of fibrinolytic response in Black but not White postmenopausal females.

Exercise testing unmasks more exaggerated systolic blood pressure responses (SBP) in Black compared with White male adults. Such responses, if translatable to females, may detect racial disparities particularly relevant during menopause. Given the endothelial involvement in BP regulation and as a source of fibrinolytic markers, it follows that fibrinolytic and BP response to exercise could be linked.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and renal-vascular function in the early years after delivery.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs: hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and placental disorders) are associated with cardiovascular disease risk or blood volume abnormalities. Traditional risk factors might not identify highest risk people in the early years after APO deliveries. Test the hypothesis that vascular function is worse, and plasma volume-regulating renal hormones are lower after delivery in people who did versus did not have an APO.

Home-based exercise improves subclinical atherosclerosis marker in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Using a 12-week, randomized controlled trial coupled with social cognitive theory behavioral coaching, we aimed to assess the effect of a home-based aerobic training intervention versus an attention-control on aerobic fitness, subclinical atherosclerosis, and mobility in persons with MS.

Methods: Persons with MS with an expanded disability status scale score between 0 and 4 were randomized to a 12-week aerobic exercise (EX) (n = 26; 19 females; 49 yrs; 28.8 kg/m) or attention-control (CON) condition (stretching; n = 22; 16 females; 44 yrs; 29.

Older females but not males exhibit increases in cerebral blood velocity, despite similar pulsatility increases after high-intensity resistance exercise.

Sex differences in resting cerebral hemodynamics decline with aging. Given that acute resistance exercise (RE) is a hypertensive challenge, it may reveal sex-dependent abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamics. Thus, we hypothesized that cerebral blood velocity and pulsatility responses to RE would be sex-dependent in older adults.

Physical activity and arterial stiffness: is body fat a mediator?

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) and body fat percentage (%BF) are independently associated with arterial stiffness, but it has not been explored if there is an associative pathway among these variables. This study examined whether %BF mediates the relationship between PA or sedentary behavior levels with arterial stiffness.

Methods: Fifty adults (1:1 men:women; age 28 ± 11 year) had carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) measured by applanation tonometry, %BF by bioelectrical impedance, and PA levels by accelerometry.

Intra and inter-rater repeatability of brachial artery ultrasound estimates of flow-mediated slowing and flow-mediated dilation.

Flow-mediated slowing (FMS) is a non-invasive measure of endothelial function measured through reactive hyperemia-induced changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV). FMS is suggested to mitigate known pitfalls of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) including suboptimal repeatability and high-operator dependency. However, the few single-rater studies that examined FMS repeatability have shown controversial results and used only regional measurements of PWV, which might not reflect local brachial artery stiffness responses to reactive hyperemia.

Effects of kettlebell swing training on cardiorespiratory and metabolic demand to a simulated competition in young female artistic gymnasts.

We examined the effects of adding a Kettlebell Swing training program (KB) to the regular skill-training protocol (REGULAR) on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiorespiratory/metabolic demand, and recovery to a simulated competition of female artistic gymnastics. Nine gymnasts (13±2 years) had their REGULAR complemented with a 4-week kettlebell training (REGULAR+KB), consisting of 3 sessions/week of 12x30" swings x 30" rest with ¼ of their body weight, while 9 aged-matched gymnasts acted as a comparison group. Peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during routines was estimated from the O2 recovery curve using backward extrapolation and off-kinetics parameters were modeled through a mono-exponential function.

Comparison of Acute Arterial Responses Following a Rescue Simulation and Maximal Exercise in Professional Firefighters.

Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of on-duty deaths among firefighters. Screening firefighters for risk of sudden cardiac event is a critical element of a comprehensive medical program. Although intense physical exertion has been shown to trigger sudden cardiac events in the general population, it is unclear how hemodynamic responses following clinical exercise testing compare to that of performing firefighting tasks in personal protective equipment.

Health Outcomes of Physical Activity Interventions in Adults With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review examined whether physical activity interventions improve health outcomes in adults with Down syndrome (DS). We searched PubMed, APA PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycARTICLES, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection using keywords related to DS and physical activity. We included 35 studies published in English since January 1, 1990.

Arterial Stiffness Response to Acute Combined Training with Different Volumes in Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure Patients.

Resistance training has been shown to acutely increase arterial stiffness (AS), while endurance training appears to decrease AS. However, the findings are from studies in apparently healthy subjects and have limited applicability to patients at low and high cardiovascular risk, for whom combined exercise is recommended. We compared the time course of changes in local and regional indices of AS in response to high-volume combined endurance training (CET) and high-volume combined resistance training (CRT) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF).

Arterial Stiffness following Endurance and Resistance Exercise Sessions in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Arterial stiffness (AS) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Acute endurance training decreases AS, whereas acute resistance training increases it. However, these results are from studies in apparently healthy adults, and there is no information on the effects of such afterload AS in elderly patients with CAD.

Blood pressure and cognition in older adults with multiple sclerosis: preliminary examination.

Background: Comorbid conditions, particularly vascular comorbidity, are common in MS and may hasten the CNS damage and disease manifestations. We undertook a preliminary examination of the association between blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function in samples of older adults with MS and healthy controls.

Methods: Older adults with MS (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 29) completed the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery and underwent assessment of BP.

Comprehensive Time-Course Effects of Combined Training on Hypertensive Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial.

The aim was to identify whether 16 weeks of combined training (Training) reduces blood pressure of hypertensive older adults and what the key fitness, hemodynamic, autonomic, inflammatory, oxidative, glucose and/or lipid mediators of this intervention would be. Fifty-two individuals were randomized to either 16 weeks of Training or control group who remained physically inactive (Control). Training included walking/running at 63% of V˙Omax, three times per week, and strength training, consisting of one set of fifteen repetitions (seven exercises) at moderate intensity, twice per week.

The effect of aging on carotid artery wall mechanics during maximal resistance exercise.

Introduction: Age-related stiffening of the large elastic arteries (e.g., common carotid artery [CCA]) may impair wall dynamics (i.

Lessons learned from clinical trials of exercise and physical activity in people with MS - guidance for improving the quality of future research.

The body of research on exercise and physical activity among persons with multiple sclerosis(MS) has expanded rapidly in quantity, but not necessarily quality, over the past 20+ years. There is evidence for beneficial effects of exercise and physical activity on immune cells and neurotrophic factors, brain structure and function, walking and cognitive performance, fatigue, depression, and pain, and quality of life among persons with MS. Nevertheless, there is heterogeneity in the outcomes of exercise and physical activity, and a recognition of substantial challenges for improving the effectiveness of those behaviors in MS.

The acute effect of maximal exercise on arterial stiffness in adults with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities.

We compared central and peripheral arterial stiffness response patterns between persons with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) of different age groups at rest and following a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Fifteen young adults with and without IDD, and 15 middle-aged adults without IDD performed a CPET. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were measured at rest and following CPET using estimates of carotid-femoral (cfPWV), carotid-radial (crPWV), and carotid-ankle (cdPWV) pulse wave velocity derived from piezoelectric mechano-transducers.

Breast cancer survivors with preserved or rescued cardiorespiratory fitness have similar cardiac, pulmonary and muscle function compared to controls.

Breast cancer survivors (BCS) have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). CRF is an important predictor of survival in BCS. However, the physiological factors that contribute to low CRF in BCS have not been completely elucidated.