Influence of radiologic pattern and the presence of diffuse parenchymal lung disease on outcome in ventilated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: impact on prognosis.

Background: Suspected organising pneumonia (OP) is a common finding in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the impact on outcomes of the radiological patterns of diffuse parenchymal lung disease on outcome of these patients is still uncertain.

Aims: Investigate the presence of radiological images compatible with OP and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Methods: Retrospective, unicentric cohort study composed of patients who required IMV and underwent chest computerized tomography to investigate secondary complications of COVID-19.

Bacterial infection in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: co-infection, super-infection and how it impacts on antimicrobial use.

Purpose Of Review: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, there has been a large increase in the consumption of antimicrobials, both as a form of treatment for viral pneumonia, which has been shown to be ineffective, and in the treatment of secondary infections that arise over the course of the severe presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This increase in consumption, often empirical, ends up causing an increase in the incidence of colonization and secondary infections by multi and pan-resistant germs.

Recent Findings: The presence of a hyperinflammatory condition induced by the primary infection, associated with the structural damage caused by viral pneumonia and by the greater colonization by bacteria, generally multiresistant, are important risk factors for the acquisition of secondary infections in COVID-19.

Ethanol stress responses in Kluyveromyces marxianus: current knowledge and perspectives.

The rising concern with the emission of greenhouse gases has boosted new incentives for biofuels production, which are less polluting than fossil fuels. Special attention has been given to the second-generation ethanol, as it is produced from abundant feedstocks which do not compete with food production, such as lignocellulosic biomass and whey. Kluyveromyces marxianus stands out in second-generation ethanol production due to its capacity of assimilating lactose, the sugar found in whey, and tolerating high temperatures used in simultaneous saccharification processes.

Assessing the prognosis of cirrhotic patients in the intensive care unit: What we know and what we need to know better.

Critically ill cirrhotic patients have high in-hospital mortality and utilize significant health care resources as a consequence of the need for multiorgan support. Despite this fact, their mortality has decreased in recent decades due to improved care of critically ill patients. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), sepsis and elevated hepatic scores are associated with increased mortality in this population, especially among those not eligible for liver transplantation.

The Perception of the Müller-Lyer Visual Illusion in Schizophrenics and Non-human Primates: A Translational Approach.

The Müller-Lyer Illusion (MLI) has been suggested as a potential marker for the perceptual impairments observed in schizophrenia patients. Along with some positive symptoms, these deficits are not easily modeled in rodent experiments, and novel animal models are warranted. Previously, MK-801 was shown to reduce susceptibility to MLI in monkeys, raising the prospects of an effective perception-based model.

Adaptive responses of Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7735 to 2-phenylethanol stress: Alterations in membrane fatty-acid composition, ergosterol content, exopolysaccharide production and reduction in reactive oxygen species.

2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is a higher aromatic alcohol with a rose-like aroma used in the cosmetic and food industries as a flavoring and displays potential for application as an antifungal. Biotechnological production of 2-PE from yeast is an interesting alternative due to the non-use of toxic compounds and the generation of few by-products. Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7735 is a thermotolerant strain capable of producing high 2-PE titers from L-Phenylalanine; however, like other yeast species, its growth has been strongly inhibited by this alcohol.

Isolation of a new strain that displays capacity to achieve high lipid content from xylose.

In this work, we isolated and selected oleaginous yeasts from rock field soils from two National Parks in Brazil ( and ) with the potential to accumulate oil from xylose, the main pentose sugar found in lignocellulosic biomass. From the 126 isolates, two were selected based on their lipid contents. They were taxonomically identified as (UFV-1 and UFV-2).

Assessment of ethanol tolerance of Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7735 selected by adaptive laboratory evolution.

Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7735 shows potential for producing ethanol from lactose; however, its low ethanol tolerance is a drawback for its industrial application. The first aim of this study was to obtain four ethanol-tolerant K. marxianus CCT 7735 strains (ETS1, ETS2, ETS3, and ETS4) by adaptive laboratory evolution.

Isolation of xylose-assimilating yeasts and optimization of xylitol production by a new Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain.

Production of xylitol from lignocellulosic biomass is of interest to modern biorefineries, because this biomass should be processed into a spectrum of chemicals (bio-based products) and not only energy. The isolation of new yeast strains capable of efficiently converting xylose into xylitol and withstanding inhibitors released from biomass hydrolysis can contribute to making its production feasible in biorefineries. Forty-three out of 128 yeast strains isolated from the gut of Passalidae beetles were capable of assimilating xylose as the sole carbon source.

Selection of yeasts from bee products for alcoholic beverage production.

The use of appropriate yeast strains allows to better control the fermentation during beverage production. Bee products, especially of stingless bees, are poorly explored as sources of fermenting microorganisms. In this work, yeasts were isolated from honey and pollen from Tetragonisca angustula (Jataí), Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Iraí), Frieseomelitta varia (Marmelada), and honey of Apis mellifera bees and screened according to morphology, growth, and alcohol production.

Ethanol stress responses of Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7735 revealed by proteomic and metabolomic analyses.

Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7735 offers advantages to ethanol production over Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including thermotolerance and the ability to convert lactose to ethanol. However, its growth is impaired at high ethanol concentrations. Herein we report on the protein and intracellular metabolite profiles of K.

Acinetobacter etiology respiratory tract infections associated with mechanical ventilation: what impacts on the prognosis? A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Acinetobacter species treatment often represents a challenge. The main objective of this study is identify predictors of ICU mortality in patients submitted to mechanical ventilation (MV).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective cohort study.

Sugar transport systems in Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7735.

The pattern of glucose repression in most Kluyveromyces marxianus strains does not correlate with fermentative behaviour; however, glucose repression and fermentative metabolism appear to be linked to the kinetics of sugar uptake. In this work, we show that lactose transport in K. marxianus CCT 7735 by lactose-grown cells is mediated by a low-affinity H-sugar symporter.

Different research designs and their characteristics in intensive care.

Different research designs have various advantages and limitations inherent to their main characteristics. Knowledge of the proper use of each design is of great importance to understanding the applicability of research findings to clinical epidemiology. In intensive care, a hierarchical classification of designs can often be misleading if the characteristics of the design in this context are not understood.

Oral and maxillofacial trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents.

Children and adolescents are frequently victims of oral and maxillofacial trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial trauma that resulted in police records, in children and adolescents aged between 0 and 16 years during a period of 5 years. Among the 28,200 reports analyzed, 463 were included in the study.

Candida albicans isolation from buccal mucosa of patients with HIV wearing removable dental prostheses.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of complete or partial removable dental prostheses (RDPs) on the frequency of Candida albicans isolated from the mouth and the presence of oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) patients correlated with CD4 levels.

Materials And Methods: One hundred ninety-three HIV+ patients were evaluated; 68 had RDPs and 125 did not. CD4 cell count was obtained after blood sampling and performed on the day of clinical examination.

Assessment of core capacities for the International Health Regulations (IHR[2005])--Uganda, 2009.

Background: Uganda is currently implementing the International Health Regulations (IHR[2005]) within the context of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR). The IHR(2005) require countries to assess the ability of their national structures, capacities, and resources to meet the minimum requirements for surveillance and response. This report describes the results of the assessment undertaken in Uganda.

Ex vivo and in vivo biological behavior of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi.

Since the first description of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, few studies were performed with this parasite. In the present work, the in vivo and ex vivo behavior of L. (Viannia) shawi infection was studied using murine model.

Alpha lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome--a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Unlabelled: The burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition characterized by oral burning pain in the absence of clinical abnormalities and without established therapy.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in the management of BMS symptoms through a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients (34 women and four men, median age 62.

Two rubber balloons: phase diagram of air transfer.

Two identical rubber balloons are partially inflated with air (to different extent) and connected by a hose with a valve. It is found that depending on initial balloon volumes, when the valve is opened the air will flow either from the larger (fuller) balloon to the smaller (emptier) balloon, or from the smaller balloon to the larger one. The phenomenon is explained in terms of the nonideal rubber elasticity of balloons.

Developing an AIDS prevention intervention for incarcerated male adolescents in Brazil.

The objective of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding AIDS among incarcerated male adolescents in Brazil and to develop an AIDS prevention intervention for this population. A questionnaire administered to 275 boys in São Paulo covered demographic and social characteristics, drugs, and HIV risk perception and behavior. Subsequently, we collected qualitative data on the development and implementation of a prevention program.