Postoperative Imaging of Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a highly prevalent disease that affects 10%-15% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is mainly associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. With the widespread use of imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of endometriosis, combined with the ability of surgery to eradicate the disease and address infertility, there has been a significant increase in recent years in imaging examinations for postoperative evaluation of endometriosis. US and MRI are used not only to help diagnose and map endometriosis but also to evaluate refractory symptoms, residual lesions, and complications at posttreatment assessment.

Magnetic resonance imaging and previous cesarean section in placenta accrete spectrum disorder: Predictor model.

Objective: To evaluate objective criteria of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Placenta Accreta Spectrum disorder (PAS) analyzing interobserver agreement and to derive a model including imaging and clinical variables to predict PAS.

Methods: A retrospective review including patients submitted to MRI with suspicious findings of PAS on ultrasound. Exclusion criteria were lack of pathology or surgical information and missing or poor-quality MRI.

Enhancement patterns of adrenal nodules on magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To compare enhancement patterns of typical adrenal adenomas, lipid-poor adenomas, and non-adenomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Evaluation of adrenal nodules larger than 1.0 cm, with at least 2-year follow-up, evaluated on MRI in January 2007 and December 2016.

Adrenal cysts of lymphatic origin: A clinical and pathological study of six cases and systematic literature review.

Adrenal cysts are rare, benign, and usually asymptomatic, being detected as an incidental finding on imaging methods. Adrenal Cysts of Lymphatic Origin (ACLO) and Adrenal Lymphangiomas (AL) are types of endothelial cyst and are the most prevalent subtype in this series. This study aims to present a single institutional experience of these rare cysts and compare their features with those found in the review of existing literature on ACLO and AL.

Which criteria can be used to predict benignity in solid renal lesions lower-equal to 2 cm?

Purpose: To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria of solid renal lesions lower-equal to 2 cm to differentiate benign and malignant tumors, using histopathology as gold standard.

Methods: Three radiologists independently evaluated objective and subjective MRI criteria of focal renal lesions. A total of 105 nodules of patients who had MRI and histopathological results in our institution were included.

The effect of sirolimus on angiomyolipoma is determined by decrease of fat-poor compartments and includes striking reduction of vascular structures.

Renal angiomyolipomas hemorrhage is associated with their size and vascular constitution. The effects of sirolimus on different components of angiomyolipomas was analyzed in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis and multiple sporadic angiomyolipomas. Thirty angiomyolipomas from 14 patients treated with sirolimus were retrospectively evaluated.

Genetic and clinical aspects of paediatric pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.

Objective: Few and conflicting reports have characterized the genetics of paediatric pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). This study aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic features of Brazilian children with PPGL.

Patients And Methods: This study included 25 children (52% girls) with PPGL.

A comparative study of ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging for detection of small renal masses: anatomic factors and radiologist's experience.

Objective: To evaluate anatomic factors and radiologist's experience in the detection of solid renal masses on ultrasonography.

Methods: We searched for solid renal masses diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging from 2007 to 2017 that also had previous ultrasonography from the past 6 months. The following features were evaluated: nodule size, laterality, location and growth pattern, patient body mass index and radiologist's experience in ultrasound.

Prevalence, growth rate and complications of splenic artery aneurysms in chronic liver disease patients.

: Chronic liver disease (CLD) patients are at greater risk for developing splenic artery aneurysm (SAA). Treatment for aneurysms > 2.5 cm in this population is considered.

Can multiparametric magnetic resonance of the prostate avoid biopsies in patients with elevated PSA and surgical indication for benign prostatic enlargement?

Introduction: To evaluate the clinical dilemma of men with surgical indication due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and concomitant elevated PSA, we analysed if multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) could safely prescind the prostate biopsy.

Methods: Forty men with surgical indication due to BPE and concomitantly elevated PSA levels were prospectively enrolled and retrospectively analysed. All patients underwent 1.

Renal Stone Features Are More Important Than Renal Anatomy to Predict Shock Wave Lithotripsy Outcomes: Results from a Prospective Study with CT Follow-Up.

Lower pole kidney stones have been associated with poor shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) outcomes because of its location. However, the real impact of collecting system anatomy on stone clearance after SWL is uncertain. There is a lack of prospective well-controlled studies to determine whether lower pole kidney stones have inferior outcomes than nonlower pole kidney stones when treated with SWL.

New Insights Into Pheochromocytoma Surveillance of Young Patients With Missense Mutations.

Context: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by germline mutations in the gene. Guidelines recommend pheochromocytoma (PHEO) biochemical screening should start at age 5 years.

Objective: Genotype-phenotype correlations in VHL, focusing on PHEO penetrance in children, were studied.

Common pitfalls in renal mass evaluation: a practical guide.

More than half of patients over 50 years of age have had at least one focal renal lesion detected as an incidental finding during an ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Although the majority of such lesions can be easily detected and correctly characterized, misdiagnoses may occur and are often related to methodological limitations, inappropriate imaging protocols, or misinterpretation. This pictorial essay provides recommendations on how to recognize benign and malignant renal processes that can be potentially missed or mischaracterized in imaging studies.

Morphologic criteria of vermiform appendix on computed tomography and a possible risk of developing acute appendicitis.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation of morphological criteria of the cecal appendix using computed tomography (CT) and the possible risk of developing acute appendicitis.

Materials And Methods: Cases were defined as patients with surgically confirmed acute appendicitis who had undergone CT at least twice: at diagnosis and at least one month prior. Controls were defined as emergency patients with abdominal pain who had undergone abdominal CT that excluded acute appendicitis and had also undergone CT at least one month before.

Interobserver agreement of PI-RADS v. 2 lexicon among radiologists with different levels of experience.

Background: Evaluation of interobserver agreement of the PI-RADS v2 lexicon is important to validate the uniformity of this widely used classification.

Purpose: To determine the interobserver agreement of PI-RADS v2 lexicon among eight radiologists with varying levels of experience.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Comparative study between monoexponential and biexponential diffusion weighted imaging sequences in multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To compare qualitatively and quantitatively, in terms of image quality, a new biexponential diffusion sequence protocol with the standard monoexponential diffusion protocol on multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: This study had a prospective data collection and cross-sectional analysis. Between August and November 2017, a total of 70 patients who underwent multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging due to clinical suspicion of prostatic neoplasia were recruited.

KCNJ5 Somatic Mutation Is a Predictor of Hypertension Remission After Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism.

Context: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine hypertension (HT). HT remission (defined as blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg without antihypertensive drugs) has been reported in approximately 50% of patients with unilateral PA after adrenalectomy. HT duration and severity are predictors of blood pressure response, but the prognostic role of somatic KCNJ5 mutations is unclear.

Progression rate in Bosniak category IIF complex renal cysts.

Objective: To evaluate progression rate of Bosniak category IIF complex renal cysts and the malignancy rate among surgically resected cysts.

Materials And Methods: We performed a database search for complex renal cysts classified as Bosniak category IIF on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging between January 2008 and April 2016. Follow-up examinations (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) were used in order to evaluate progression (Bosniak category reclassification) and stability, the latter being defined as remaining stable for a minimum of six months.

Penile emergencies: a review of the main conditions.

Acute penile conditions, which typically have a traumatic, vascular, or infectious etiology, are rather uncommon and often require prompt medical evaluation. Penile emergencies can be treated conservatively or surgically, and their management often relies on the results of imaging examinations. Because of its high spatial resolution and wide availability, as well as the fact that it does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice in the initial evaluation of penile emergencies.