[Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): Conditions for a safe performance.].

Objective: To describe the PCNL technique addressing those conditions that enable us to perform the procedure with maximum patient's safety without losing focus on the objective of lithiasis resolution.

Methods: Based on our experience, accumulated with time, and the constant update of the endourological techniques we treat those issues in relation to PCNL from the efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness perspective. To consider them involves the successful performance of the technique, with complications prevention and taking cost-efficiency into account.

A re-adjustable sling for female recurrent stress incontinence and sphincteric deficiency: Outcomes and complications in 125 patients using the Remeex sling system.

Aims: To evaluate the outcomes, complications, and quality of life of patients after a Remeex re-adjustable sling for recurrent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD) indications.

Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients with SUI were prospectively evaluated following a re-adjustable sling in a single tertiary academic Center. Patients were classified by Q-tip, urodynamic and clinical criteria into ISD (70) and recurrent SUI (55).

[Female urethral stricture: etiology, diagnostic and treatment].

Female urethral stricture is an infrequent cause of bladder outlet obstruction, which is also a rare clinical entity in women. The most frequent etiology is the previous urogenital surgery. Periurethral fibrosis is the final cause regardless the etiology.

[Non-sparing surgery of a transplanted kidney].

There is an increasement on the incidence of tumours within the population of renal transplanted, from three to five times over general population. Related to urological tumours, it emphasizes an increase in the incidence of the renal carcinoma, around 4,7% against 3% on general population. In this case, we present a 56-year-old patient, who suffered a renal transplant 8 years ago.

[Retroperitoneal endoscopic nephrectomy].

Objectives: Nephrectomy is probably the most widely accepted procedure for the application of laparoscopic techniques in urology. The great advantages of laparoscopy over conventional approaches have justified its indication for different renal extirpative procedures: atrophy, renal carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, polycystic kidney disease, living kidney donation for transplantation and partial nephrectomies. The objective of this article is to describe the techniques and advantages of laparoscopic nephrectomy through a retroperitoneoscopic approach, demonstrating that it is an effective option for the majority of cases in which extraction of the kidney is required.