Circulating miRNA Signaling for Fatty Acid Metabolism in Response to a Maximum Endurance Test in Elite Long-Distance Runners.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax) is a determining indicator for cardiorespiratory capacity in endurance athletes, and epigenetics is crucial in its levels and variability. This initial study examined a broad plasma miRNA profile of twenty-three trained elite endurance athletes with similar training volumes but different VOmax in response to an acute maximal graded endurance test. Six were clustered as higher/lower levels based on their VOmax (75.

Why Pheidippides could not believe in the 'Central Governor Model': Popper's philosophy applied to choose between two exercise physiology theories.

An important epistemological problem has been faced by Exercise Physiologists. On one hand, one theory explains the fatigue through a ceiling effect of oxygen uptake. On the other hand, the new theory proposes that an encephalon mechanism would stop the effort before a catastrophic homeostasis failure.

Effect of Achilles Tendon Mechanics on the Running Economy of Elite Endurance Athletes.

The Achilles tendon stores and releases strain energy, influencing running economy. The present study aims to verify the influence of the Achilles tendon tangent modulus, as a material property, on running economy by comparing two groups of elite endurance-performance athletes undergoing different running training volumes. Twelve athletes, six long-distance runners and six pentathletes, were studied.

Different Signatures of High Cardiorespiratory Capacity Revealed With Metabolomic Profiling in Elite Athletes.

Purpose: High cardiorespiratory capacity is a key determinant of human performance and life expectancy; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate biochemical signatures of endurance-performance athletes using high-resolution nontargeted metabolomics.

Methods: Elite long-distance runners with similar training and anthropometrical records were studied.

A Multidimensional Approach to Assessing Anthropometric and Aerobic Fitness Profiles of Elite Brazilian Endurance Athletes and Military Personnel.

Introduction: Military personnel must remain physically active to meet operational requirements. Military physical training not only provides the performance capabilities required for performing occupational tasks but also fosters the development of sport. Thus, Armed Forces across the world have historically invested in developing elite- and Olympic-level athletes.

Acute effect of Ethanol and Taurine on frontal cortex absolute beta power before and after exercise.

Ethanol (ET) is a substance that modulates the Central Nervous System (CNS). Frequently, ET intake occurs combined with energy drinks, which contain taurine (TA), an important amino acid found in the body (i.e brain and muscles).

Taurine supplementation improves economy of movement in the cycle test independently of the detrimental effects of ethanol.

Taurine (TA) ingestion has been touted as blunting the deleterious effects of ethanol (ET) ingestion on motor performance. This study investigated the effects of ingestion of 0.6 mL·kg of ET, 6 grams of TA, and ethanol in combination with taurine (ET+TA) on economy of movement (EM) and heart rate (HR).

Acute ethanol and taurine intake affect absolute alpha power in frontal cortex before and after exercise.

Taurine and alcohol has been popularly ingested through energy drinks. Reports from both compounds shows they are active on nervous system but little is known about the acute effect of these substances on the frontal cortex in an exercise approach. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 0,6mldL of ethanol (ET), 6g of taurine (TA), and taurine with ethanol (TA+ET) intake on absolute alpha power (AAP) in the frontal region, before and after exercise.

Effects of Sprint versus High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training on Cross-Country Mountain Biking Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: The current study compared the effects of high-intensity aerobic training (HIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on mountain biking (MTB) race simulation performance and physiological variables, including peak power output (PPO), lactate threshold (LT) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA).

Methods: Sixteen mountain bikers (mean ± SD: age 32.1 ± 6.

Low-frequency rTMS over the Parieto-frontal network during a sensorimotor task: The role of absolute beta power in the sensorimotor integration.

Several studies have demonstrated that Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) promotes alterations in the Central Nervous System circuits and networks. The focus of the present study is to examine the absolute beta power patterns in the Parieto-frontal network. We hypothesize that rTMS alters the mechanisms of the sensorimotor integration process during a visuomotor task.

Carbohydrate mouth rinse enhances time to exhaustion during treadmill exercise.

Mouth rinsing with a CHO solution has been suggested to improve short (<1 h) endurance performance through central effect. We examined the effects of mouth rinsing with a CHO solution on running time to exhaustion on a treadmill. Six well-trained subjects ran to exhaustion at 85% VO , on three separate occasions.

The effects of bromazepam over the central and frontal areas during a motor task: an EEG study.

The present study investigates the influence of bromazepam while executing a motor task. Specifically, we intend to analyze the changes in alpha absolute power under two experimental conditions, bromazepam and placebo. We also included analyses of theta and beta frequencies.

The influence of levetiracetam in cognitive performance in healthy individuals: neuropsychological, behavioral and electrophysiological approach.

Objective: The present study sought to analyze the influence of Levetiracetam (LEV) in cognitive performance by identifying the changes produced by LEV in reaction time, in neuropsychological assessment of attention and memory and in absolute theta power in frontal activity.

Methods: Twelve healthy subjects (5 men and 7 women; mean age, 30.08 years, standard deviation, 4.

The effect of acute effort on EEG in healthy young and elderly subjects.

The effects of physical exercise on mental health have been extensively investigated, mainly in older people. Recent studies have looked into the acute effect of exercise on the brain using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). We assessed EEG power and mood changes after 20 min of aerobic exercise in elderly (N = 10) and young (N = 19) healthy individuals.

Measurement precision of the anaerobic threshold by means of a portable calorimeter.

Background: Many methods are used for determining the Anaerobic Threshold (AT) by means of sophisticated ergospirometer.

Objective: To test the AT variation, detected by mathematical models and visual inspection, when low cost ergospirometer is used and intended for clinical application.

Methods: Seventy nine apparently healthy subjects were volunteers in this study; from these, 57 men.

Equations for predicting aerobic power (VO(2)) of young Brazilian adults.

Background: VO2 may be predicted with base on anthropometric and physiological parameters for determined populations.

Objective: To propose models for submaximal and maximal VO2 prediction in young Brazilian adults.

Methods: A total of 137 volunteers (92 men) underwent graded maximal exercise test (GXT) in a cycle ergometer (MonarkTM, Br).

Exercise and mental health: many reasons to move.

The relationship between physical activity and mental health has been widely investigated, and several hypotheses have been formulated about it. Specifically, during the aging process, physical exercise might represent a potential adjunctive treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment, helping delay the onset of neurodegenerative processes. Even though exercise itself might act as a stressor, it has been demonstrated that it reduces the harmful effects of other stressors when performed at moderate intensities.

Effects of bromazepam in frontal theta activity on the performance of a sensorimotor integration task: a quantitative electroencephalography study.

Our objective is to verify the modulatory effects of bromazepam on EEG theta absolute power when subjects were submitted to a visuomotor task (i.e., car driver task).

Integration of cortical areas during performance of a catching ball task.

The study aimed to elucidate electrophysiological and cortical mechanisms involved in anticipatory actions when healthy subjects had to catch balls in free drop; specifically through quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) alpha absolute power changes. Our hypothesis is that during the preparation of motor action (i.e.

Electroencephalographic frontal asymmetry and depressive symptoms in the elderly.

Although neurophysiological changes of aging are well known, there is still much to learn about cortical asymmetry in older depressed subjects. This study aimed at assessing differences between depressed and normal elderly subjects on alpha asymmetry, and to observe the correlations of this measure with depressive symptoms and quality of life. Thirty-six subjects (14 normal and 22 depressed) were assessed by EEG, depression rating scales, and SF-36.

Beta and alpha electroencephalographic activity changes after acute exercise.

Exercise has been widely related to changes in cortical activation and enhanced brain functioning. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) is frequently used to investigate normal and pathological conditions in the brain cortex. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to observe absolute power alterations in beta and alpha frequency bands after a maximal effort exercise.

Effects of caffeine on electrophysiological and neuropsychological indices after sleep deprivation.

Caffeine is regarded as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. The goal of this study was to analyze electrophysiological, motor, cognitive and behavioral changes produced by caffeine ingestion after sleep deprivation. Ten subjects were evaluated after sleep deprivation, comparing the ingestion of either 400 mg of caffeine or placebo, in a double-blind randomized study.

[Maximal workload prediction models in the clinical cardio-pulmonary effort test].

Objective: This study sought to derive generalized equations for predicting maximal workload for young men and women.

Methods: Direct ergospirometry (Aerosport TEEM 100, USA) was used to determine VO2máx and the maximal work load (Wmax) on the cycle ergometer test (Monark,Brazil) of thirty men (25 +/- 5 years, 75.0 +/- 10.