Complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy: Is it really an end-stage atrophy?

Geographic atrophy (GA), a late manifestation of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), leads to irreversible vision loss. Early identification of precursor lesions, such as incomplete and complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA and cRORA), is crucial for predicting GA formation. The latter stage has been associated with irreversible and progressive changes, and the eventual development of a dense scotoma on the compromised area.

Risk-adapted therapy with three or six cycles of doxorubicin/bleomycin/vinblastine/dacarbazine plus involved-field radiation therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma, based on prognosis at diagnosis and early response: results from the GATLA study.

Background: Doxorubicin/bleomycin/vinblastine/dacarbazine (ABVD) plus involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) is the gold-standard treatment for early and advanced stages of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We evaluated the outcomes of patients according to prognosis at diagnosis and over time to determine who achieved complete remission (CR).

Patients And Methods: Treatment-naive patients under the age of 75 years at all stages of HL were eligible.

Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive thrombocythemia without features of chronic myeloid leukemia in peripheral blood: natural history and diagnostic differentiation from Ph-negative essential thrombocythemia.

We have evaluated the clinical symptoms, hematological features, and natural history of 3 cases and 20 reported cases described as Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) essential thrombocythemia (ET). The presence of increased small mononuclear megakaryocytes in bone marrow smears and biopsy material in patients with pronounced thrombocytosis and no evidence of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in peripheral blood appeared to be a diagnostic clue to the diagnosis of Ph+ (essential) thrombocythemia. As compared to cases of reactive thrombocytosis, the megakaryocytes in Ph+ thrombocythemia are smaller than normal ones and typically have hypolobulated round nuclei.