Radiologic Classification of Hippocampal Sclerosis in Epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a common form of epilepsy that is often associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Although HS is commonly considered a binary assessment in radiologic evaluation, it is known that histopathologic changes occur in distinct clusters. Some subtypes of HS only affect certain subfields, resulting in minimal changes to the overall volume of the hippocampus.

When in doubt, return to fundamentals (seizure semiology).

This case of drug resistant focal epilepsy highlights several invaluable teaching points. Hypotheses grounded in seizure semiology provide the best framework to ensure accurate interpretation of diagnostic testing. Without a hypothesis, information gathered from tests can be difficult to linearly piece together and can lead to poor patient outcomes.

Core Features Differentiate Dravet Syndrome from Febrile Seizures.

An 11-month-old girl with febrile seizures and first unprovoked seizures was evaluated in the hospital. Relevant history included developmental delay and strong family history of febrile seizures and migraines. A routine electroencephalogram was performed and was abnormal due to the presence of a slowed posterior dominant rhythm, generalized spike-wave discharges, and multifocal sharp waves.

Super-refractory status epilepticus during blinatumomab initiation for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Seizures have been reported as an adverse effect of blinatumomab, a bispecific T-cell engager monoclonal antibody, which is mainly used for the treatment of pediatric relapsed/refractory leukemia. Here, we present the first reported case of super-refractory status epilepticus in an 11-year-old boy with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) while receiving blinatumomab. Our patient had a complete return to baseline despite enduring encephalopathy, refractory subclinical seizures requiring prolonged therapeutic burst suppression and MRI signal changes.

Advances in Epilepsy Surgery.

Background: A large number of patients have epilepsy that is intractable and adversely affects a child's lifelong experience with addition societal burden that is disabling and expensive. The last two decades have seen a major explosion of new antiseizure medication options. Despite these advances, children with epilepsy continue to have intractable seizures.

Post-COVID-19 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in a 17-Month-Old.

Neurologic manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pediatric patients have been reported in the acute and postinfectious stages of coronavirus disease 2019. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) typically presents in children after a viral illness at a mean age of 3 to 7 years. A total of 60% to 90% of literature-reported pediatric patients with ADEM have minimal to no neurologic deficits at long-term follow-up.