Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding.

Background: Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns, with very-low-birth-weight infants usually experiencing several complications. Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition, especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization, because it contains beneficial microorganisms, such as and .

Aim: To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.

Annular pancreas as a cause of neonatal duodenal obstruction, a case report.

The annular pancreas (AP) is an uncommon congenital anomaly, characterised by a circumferential envelope in the second portion of the duodenum. In recent years, some genetic component has been found in the etiology. A newborn full-term male, weighing at 1910 g at birth, had a history of intrauterine growth restriction and diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot, Down syndrome and congenital hypothyroidism.

[Not Available].

No disponible.

Surgical management of palatal teratoma (epignathus) with the use of virtual reconstruction and 3D models: a case report and literature review.

Epignathus is a rare congenital orofacial teratoma that arises from the sphenoid region of the palate or the pharynx. It occurs in approximately 1:35,000 to 1:200,000 live births representing 2% to 9% of all teratomas. We present the case of a newborn of 39.

Subaortic left brachiocephalic vein and real-time ultrasound-guided puncture.

We describe a subaortic left brachiocephalic vein, a congenital anomaly that can be suspected during the rapid central vein assessment before central venous catheterization. Since the vein descends vertically/obliquely rapidly from its origin, we suggest that the puncture should be made at a greater angle (50°-60°) than what is usually used to puncture this vein (20°-30°). Failure to identify this anomaly may cause a failed puncture or complications from the puncture of adjacent blood vessels.

Pectus up: la nueva técnica de tracción para pectus excavatum. Primera cirugía en el noreste de México.

El pectus excavatum es la deformidad de la caja torácica frecuente, siendo el sexo masculino el mayormente afectado. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 16 años con pectus excavatum e índice de Haller de 4, a quien se somete a cirugía de pectus up con sistema de tracción esternal externa y fijación con tornillos. Se obtuvo una muy buena respuesta funcional y estética en su posoperatorio.

Acquisition of skin characteristics by Monte Carlo modeling and evolutionary setting of parameters.

Background: In this paper, we present the intelligent system to characterize optically human skin; our proposal is a non-invasive way to obtain some parameters of the skin such as the concentration of hemoglobin, water percentages, and thickness of the layers of the skin.

Material And Methods: To achieve the objective of this work, we used an experimental technique called diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry and numerical calculations, such as the Monte Carlo method and the evolutionary algorithm Evonorm.

Results: Five case studies were performed.

Predicting the optimal depth of ultrasound-guided right internal jugular vein central venous catheters in neonates.

Background: Poor positioning of a central venous catheter (CVC) can cause severe complications. The objective is to create a formula that predicts the optimal insertion depth of a real time ultrasound-guided CVC in the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) in newborns.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, 91 newborns that required a CVC were included in a prospective observational study.

Vaspin, a Compensatory Mechanism Against High Glucose Levels Since Birth?

Objective: Hormones produced by fat tissue, adipokines, produced during intrauterine life have recently been implicated in fetal growth. Vaspin is an adipokine expressed in visceral adipose tissue and has insulin-sensitizing effects. Elevated serum vaspin concentrations are associated with alterations in insulin sensitivity.

Comparison of an increased waist circumference with a positive hydrogen breath test as a clinical predictor of lactose intolerance.

Introduction: Lactose intolerance is a common disease in pediatrics, and its wrong diagnosis will lead to morbidity. The primary objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of an increased waist circumference during the hydrogen breath test as a predictor of lactose intolerance. The secondary objective was to analyze the impact of body mass index, waist circumference measurement, and age on the abdominal distension of patients with lactose intolerance.

Congenital lateral abdominal wall hernia.

Congenital abdominal wall defects that are located outside of the anterior wall are extremely rare and difficult to classify because there are no well accepted guidelines. There are two regions outside of the anterior wall: the flank or lateral wall; and the lumbar region. We report the case of a patient with an oval 3 cm-diameter hernia defect located above the anterior axillary line, which affects all layers of the muscular wall.

Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization in low birth weight newborn.

Background: Central venous catheterization is not the first choice of vascular access in neonates. Success depends on the size of the vessel and the skill of the health professional performing the procedure. The internal jugular vein provides a predictable path for central venous cannulation, although it is more difficult to cannulate infants than adults and even more difficult in smaller newborns.

Adding Multiple Adipokines into the Model do not Improve Weight Gain Prediction by Leptin Levels in Newborns.

Objective: Most adipose tissue programming is realized in early life. Also, the postnatal three months, rather than the later phases of infancy, may be more relevant in the development of an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile. The adipokines phenotype, as a predictor of early-life weight gain, has been recently explored in cord blood.

Leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in umbilical cord blood of healthy term newborns in relation to mode of delivery.

In the development of the foetal immune system, cytokines play an important role in its function. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the mode of delivery affects the expression of leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α in umbilical cord blood in healthy term newborns. We collected 125 samples of umbilical cord blood to analyse leptin, IL-6 y TNF-α levels with multiplex immunoassay (MIA).

[Evaluation of strategies aimed at reducing the level of noise in different areas of neonatal care in a tertiary hospital].

Objective: To determine the noise levels of different areas responsible for newborn care, develop intervention strategies to decrease the noise, and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods: Prospective, observational and longitudinal study carried out using a sonometer, measuring sound levels for three weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), neonatal intermediate care unit (UCIREN), delivery (TOCO QX) and nursery (CUNERO) units. We implemented an intervention program and subsequent measurements were performed under the same initial conditions.

Ultrasound- guided placement of double catheter in the right internal jugular vein: two case reports.

Central vascular access in critically ill paediatric patients is, many times, a challenge for physicians due to the number of lines needed for multiple infusions. We present ultrasound-guided placement of a double catheter in the right internal jugular vein in two patients that required multiple central lines for management.

Traumatic asphyxia.

Traumatic asphyxia is a rare condition in children that usually occurs after severe compression to the chest or abdomen. We report 3 cases in patients 18, 20, and 36 months of age who presented signs and symptoms of traumatic asphyxia after car accidents. Two clinical features were consistent in all 3 patients: multiple petechiae on the face and bulbar conjunctival hemorrhage; 2 patients had facial cyanosis, and 1 had facial edema.

A new positive-pressure device for nasal foreign body removal.

Objectives: Nasal foreign bodies (FBs) are common causes of pediatric emergency consultations. The different methods for removing nasal FBs have varying levels of efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new device for nasal FB removal in children.

Vascular assessment of the right internal jugular vein in low birth weight newborns.

Objective: To determine the dimensions and depth of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) in low birth weight newborns by ultrasound and assess the differences in weight and determine the relationship of the vein with the carotid artery.

Method: We performed a vascular assessment of the RIJV in 100 low birth weight newborns. The subjects were divided into three groups, low birth weight (LBW) newborns, <2500 g; very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns, <1500 g; and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) newborns <1000 g.

Primary torsion of the vermiform appendix and undescended cecum treated by video-assisted transumbilical appendectomy.

Torsion of the vermiform appendix is a rare cause of appendicitis that is clinically indistinguishable from the classical presentation. In this paper, we present the first report in the literature of an appendicular torsion associated with an undescended cecum. A 3-year-old male patient with persistent pain in the right hypochondrium and peritoneal irritation underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, finding necrosis of the vermiform appendix caused by torsion of its base associated with an undescended cecum located in an indurated area of the subhepatic region.