Potential EEG biomarkers of sedation doses in intensive care patients unveiled by using a machine learning approach.

Objective: Sedation of neurocritically ill patients is one of the most challenging situation in ICUs. Quantitative knowledge on the sedation effect on brain activity in that complex scenario could help to uncover new markers for sedation assessment. Hence, we aim to evaluate the existence of changes of diverse EEG-derived measures in deeply-sedated (RASS-Richmond agitation-sedation scale  -4 and  -5) neurocritically ill patients, and also whether sedation doses are related with those eventual changes.

Identifying causal relationships between EEG activity and intracranial pressure changes in neurocritical care patients.

Objective: To explore and assess the relationship between electroencephalography (EEG) activity and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during their stay in an intensive care unit.

Approach: We performed an observational prospective cohort study of adult patients suffering from TBI or SAH. Continuous EEG-ECG was performed during ICP monitoring.

Nasomaxillary reconstruction in Binder syndrome: bone versus cartilage grafts. A long-term intercenter comparison between Sweden and Mexico.

Maxillonasal dysplasia is characterized by a concave facial profile and a flat nose. The etiology of Binder syndrome is skeletal hypoplasia around the piriform aperture and excavations-fossae prenasales, bilaterally in the nasal floor-which are pathognomonic. There is no real shortage of the soft tissues.

Major craniofacial clefts: case series and treatment philosophy.

Background: The treatment of major facial clefts has evolved greatly over the past 40 years. Early in the authors' experience, soft tissues were treated by Z-plasty and local flap rotation, resulting in a patchwork effect and noticeable scars. Bony deficits were treated with bone grafts that often failed to restore normal facial contour.

The art of moving the orbits.

In ancient times, important events were commemorated in works of art produced by outstanding painters and sculptors. This custom included medical advancements such as The Anatomic Lesson painted by Rembrandt and the Public Demonstration of Anesthesia with Ether, in Boston, painted by Robert Hinchlay. The advent of inexpensive photographic recording eliminated the need to commission artists to preserve an event for posterity.

Distraction osteogenesis in Pierre Robin sequence and related respiratory problems in children.

Introduction: Sleep apnea is one of the most frequent manifestations of respiratory obstruction. Historically this clinical entity has stimulated the production of numerous valuable contributions with one purpose in mind: the improvement of airway permeability. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to define the problem in anatomic and functional terms to avoid a tracheostomy and prevent long-term sequels.