A Decade of Chronic Norovirus Infection Surveillance at the NIH Clinical Research Center: Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Epidemiology, and Replication.

Background: Noroviruses are an important viral cause of chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals.

Method: We collected norovirus-positive stool samples (n=448) from immunocompromised patients (n=88) at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Research Center, U.S.

Trypanosoma cruzi Vps34 colocalizes with Beclin1 and plays a role in parasite invasion of the host cell by modulating the expression of a sub-group of trans-sialidases.

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, can infect both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. T. cruzi gp82 and gp90 are cell surface proteins belonging to Group II trans-sialidases known to be involved in host cell binding and invasion.

Surface-associated antigen induces permeabilization of primary mouse B-cells and lysosome exocytosis facilitating antigen uptake and presentation to T-cells.

B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated antigen internalization and presentation are essential for humoral memory immune responses. Antigen encountered by B-cells is often tightly associated with the surface of pathogens and/or antigen-presenting cells. Internalization of such antigens requires myosin-mediated traction forces and extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes, but the mechanism triggering lysosomal exocytosis is unknown.

Relationship between aspirin use and subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic Review and meta-analysis.

Background: Aspirin has been associated with a decreasing risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to its anti-inflammatory mechanism of action and potential protective properties against aneurysm growth.

Objective: To determine the association between aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and aspirin use.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis were performed across the PubMed database.

Survival in patients with surgically treated spinal metastases.

Background: Despite the various treatment protocols available, survival evaluation is a fundamental criterion for the definition of surgical management; there are still many inconsistencies in the literature on this topic, especially in terms of the value of surgery and its morbidity in patients with very short survival.

Objective: The objective was to analyze the association of clinical, oncological, and surgical factors in the survival of patients undergoing spinal surgery for spinal metastases (SM).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort of forty patients who were surgically treated at our institution for SM between 2010 and 2018 were included in the study.

Endophilin-A2-dependent tubular endocytosis promotes plasma membrane repair and parasite invasion.

Endocytosis of caveolae has previously been implicated in the repair of plasma membrane wounds. Here, we show that caveolin-1-deficient fibroblasts lacking caveolae upregulate a tubular endocytic pathway and have a reduced capacity to reseal after permeabilization with pore-forming toxins compared with wild-type cells. Silencing endophilin-A2 expression inhibited fission of endocytic tubules and further reduced plasma membrane repair in cells lacking caveolin-1, supporting a role for tubular endocytosis as an alternative pathway for the removal of membrane lesions.

In vivo assessment of the corrosion of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires by using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.

This study was undertaken to assess in vivo the corrosion in two commercial nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires removed from the oral cavity of patients using fluoride mouthwashes. Five volunteers took part in this study on the corrosion behavior of two brands of NiTi archwires (3M and AO (brand of archwire)) during use of two mouthwashes with neutral sodium fluoride 1.1%, one with acidulated fluoride 1.

Reliability of the New AOSpine Classification System for Upper Cervical Traumatic Injuries.

Background: The new AOSpine Upper Cervical Classification System (UCCS) was recently proposed by the AOSpine Knowledge Forum Trauma team to standardize the treatment of upper cervical traumatic injuries (UCI). In this context, evaluating its reliability is paramount prior to clinical use.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the new AOSpine UCCS.

Ascorbate-Dependent Peroxidase (APX) from Leishmania amazonensis Is a Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Essential Enzyme That Regulates Virulence.

The molecular mechanisms underlying biological differences between two species that cause cutaneous disease, and , are poorly understood. In , reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling drives differentiation of nonvirulent promastigotes into forms capable of infecting host macrophages. Tight spatial and temporal regulation of HO is key to this signaling mechanism, suggesting a role for ascorbate-dependent peroxidase (APX), which degrades mitochondrial HO Earlier studies showed that -null parasites are viable, accumulate higher levels of HO, generate a greater yield of infective metacyclic promastigotes, and have increased virulence.

Tomographic evaluation of dentoskeletal changes due to the treatment of class II malocclusion with Forsus appliance.

Purpose: This study evaluated dentoalveolar skeletal changes promoted by the Forsus appliance, associated to fixed orthodontic appliance, in the correction of Class II, division 1 malocclusion, from Computed Tomography (CT).

Methods: sample consisted of 10 youngsters (7 males and 3 females), with a mean age of 13.86 years.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Anatomical Assessment of the Olfactory Fossa.

This study aimed to investigate the olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification using cone beam computed tomography. This cross-sectional study analysed cone beam computed tomography images selected from a database belonging to a radiology centre. The scans of 174 healthy patients were analysed by using the Xoran software.

Axis screws: results and complications of a large case series.

Objective: To present the surgical results of patients who underwent axis screw instrumentation, discussing surgical nuances and complications of the techniques used.

Methods: Retrospective case-series evaluation of patients who underwent spinal surgery with axis instrumentation using screws.

Results: Sixty-five patients were included in this study.

Subjective analysis of the application of enhancement filters on magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhancement filters on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Study Design: In total, 66 MRI scans of the TMJ were analyzed without filtration and with the application of 2 filters: Sharpen 1 and Sharpen 2 (OnDemand software). Two dentomaxillofacial radiologists examined the original and filtered images individually.

Masticatory evaluation of anterior open bite malocclusion using the colorimetric capsule method.

This pediatric study aimed to assess the masticatory function of patients with anterior open bite through a method that utilizes colorimetric capsules. The sample consisted of 106 patients aged 7-11 years, of whom 51 presented with anterior open bite (experimental group) and 55 presented with normal overbite (control group). The colorimetric capsules used in this evaluation contained basic fuchsin granules, which were used to produce a solution after they were ground during chewing.

A MFS-like plasma membrane transporter required for Leishmania virulence protects the parasites from iron toxicity.

Iron is essential for many cellular processes, but can generate highly toxic hydroxyl radicals in the presence of oxygen. Therefore, intracellular iron accumulation must be tightly regulated, by balancing uptake with storage or export. Iron uptake in Leishmania is mediated by the coordinated action of two plasma membrane proteins, the ferric iron reductase LFR1 and the ferrous iron transporter LIT1.

Analysis on the precision of the dimensions of self-ligating brackets.

The present study aimed to evaluate the precision of the torque applied by 0.022" self-ligating brackets of different brands, the precision of parallelism between the inner walls of their slots, and precision of their slot height. Eighty brackets for upper central incisors of eight trademarked models were selected: Abzil, GAC, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco, Forestadent, and Ortho Organizers.

Host cell invasion and oral infection by Trypanosoma cruzi strains of genetic groups TcI and TcIV from chagasic patients.

Background: Outbreaks of acute Chagas disease by oral infection have been reported frequently over the last ten years, with higher incidence in northern South America, where Trypanosoma cruzi lineage TcI predominates, being responsible for the major cause of resurgent human disease, and a small percentage is identified as TcIV. Mechanisms of oral infection and host-cell invasion by these parasites are poorly understood. To address that question, we analyzed T.

In vivo biomechanical properties of heavy versus light weight monofilament polypropylene meshes. Does the knitting pattern matter?

Aims: This work evaluated the post-implant biomechanical properties of light-weight (LW) and heavy-weight (HW) monofilament polypropylene (PP) meshes with different knitting patterns in an animal model in vivo.

Methods: Forty-five adult female Wistar rats were divided into three groups and randomly implanted with 32 × 32 mm HW-PP (62 gm ) orLW-PP (16 gm ) in the lower abdomen. LW-PPwas tested orthogonally (called LWL and LWT) to reproduce the longitudinal and transverse planes of the vaginal wall, respectively.

Fibronectin-degrading activity of Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine proteinase plays a role in host cell invasion.

Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, binds to diverse extracellular matrix proteins. Such an ability prevails in the parasite forms that circulate in the bloodstream and contributes to host cell invasion. Whether this also applies to the insect-stage metacyclic trypomastigotes, the developmental forms that initiate infection in the mammalian host, is not clear.

Association of different primers and resin cements for adhesive bonding to zirconia ceramics.

Purpose: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) to zirconia ceramics using different associations of primers and resin cements.

Materials And Methods: Two blocks of LAVA zirconia (3Y-TZP) were randomly submitted to an application of three different commercially available primers: Alloy Primer (AP), Z-Prime Plus (ZP), and Signum Zirconia Bond (SZB). Nonprimed specimens were considered controls.

The gp82 surface molecule of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic forms.

Gp82 is a surface glycoprotein expressed in Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes, the parasite forms from the insect vector that initiate infection in the mammalian host. Studies with metacyclic forms generated in vitro, as counterparts of insect-borne parasites, have shown that gp82 plays an essential role in host cell invasion and in the establishment of infection by the oral route. Among the gp82 properties relevant for infection are the gastric mucin-binding capacity and the ability to induce the target cell signaling cascades that result in actin cytoskeleton disruption and lysosome exocytosis, events that facilitate parasite internalization.

Cell signaling during Trypanosoma cruzi invasion.

Cell signaling is an essential requirement for mammalian cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi. Depending on the parasite strain and the parasite developmental form, distinct signaling pathways may be induced. In this short review, we focus on the data coming from studies with metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) generated in vitro and tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes (TCT), used as counterparts of insect-borne and bloodstream parasites, respectively.

Mammalian cell invasion by closely related Trypanosoma species T. dionisii and T. cruzi.

Protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma can infect virtually all mammalian species. Within this genus, Trypanosoma dionisii from bats and Trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas' disease, belonging to the subgenus Schizotrypanum, can invade mammalian cells. The mechanisms of cell invasion by T.

Effect of dentifrices against hydrochloric acid-induced erosion.

Purpose: This in vitro investigation assessed whether different dentifrices would be capable of controlling the enamel erosion progression caused by HCl.

Materials And Methods: Sixty bovine enamel slabs were covered with acid-resistant varnish, except for a 2.5-mm2 circular area on the labial surface.