Adrenal Venous Sampling Using Metanephrine in Primary Aldosteronism With or Without Cortisol Co-Secretion.

Context: The role of plasma metanephrine in adrenal venous sampling (AVS) for assessing lateralization in primary aldosteronism (PA) requires further clarification.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of plasma metanephrine in AVS for determining aldosterone lateralization in PA, with or without mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS).

Methods: Sequential AVS under cosyntropin stimulation was conducted in 58 consecutive patients with PA and indication for AVS.

Association between papillary thyroid cancer and primary aldosteronism in individuals with hypertension.

Background: Aldosterone excess chronically induces oxidative stress and cell proliferation. Previously, a single study investigated primary aldosteronism (PA) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), albeit without a matched control group.

Methods: We conducted a propensity score matched case-control study to investigate the association between PA and PTC in individuals with arterial hypertension (HT).

Artificial intelligence for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy is the standard of care for cisplatin-fit patients harboring muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Prediction of response to NAC is essential for clinical decision-making regarding alternatives in case of non-response, and bladder-sparing in case of complete response. This research aimed to assess the performance of machine learning in predicting therapeutic response following NAC treatment in patients with MIBC.

Strategies for improving image quality in prostate MRI.

Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands as the cornerstone in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), offering superior detection capabilities while minimizing unnecessary biopsies. Despite its critical role, global disparities in MRI diagnostic performance persist, stemming from variations in image quality and radiologist expertise. This manuscript reviews the challenges and strategies for enhancing image quality in prostate MRI, spanning patient preparation, MRI unit optimization, and radiology team engagement.

Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation for unresectable abdominal paraganglioma: a case report.

For pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), the efficacy of percutaneous ablative therapies in achieving control of metastatic tumors measuring <3 cm had been demonstrated in only few reports, and intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of locally invasive primary PPGLs has not been reported. We presented the case of a 31-year-old man who had a 9-cm functioning unresectable PPGL. He was treated with 13 cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy without objective tumor response, according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).

Contralateral Suppression in Adrenal Venous Sampling Predicts Clinical and Biochemical Outcome in Primary Aldosteronism.

Context: The role of hormone parameters at adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in predicting clinical and biochemical outcomes remains controversial.

Objective: To investigate the impact of hormone parameters at AVS under cosyntropin stimulation on lateralization and on complete biochemical and clinical outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 150 sequential AVS under cosyntropin infusion.

Giant endometrioma in an asymptomatic patient.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecologic disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue, including endometrial glands and stroma, outside of the uterine cavity. It is a prevalent condition worldwide, affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-age women and up to 50% of infertile women. Endometriosis manifests in three ways: superficial peritoneal endometriosis, deep infiltrative endometriosis, and ovarian endometriomas, with the possibility of coexistence among them.

Quality assessment of prostate MRI by PI-QUAL score: Inter-reader agreement and impact on prostate cancer local staging at 3 Tesla.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score impacts prostate cancer (PCa) staging on MRI. The secondary goal was to test inter-reader agreement among radiologists experienced in prostate imaging.

Method: A retrospective, single-center study with patients who underwent 3 Tesla prostate MRI scans and were submitted to radical prostatectomy (RP) between January 2018 and November 2021 and were eligible for our study.

Evidence for a Founder Effect of SDHB Exon 1 Deletion in Brazilian Patients With Paraganglioma.

Context: Limited information is available concerning the genetic spectrum of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) patients in South America. Germline SDHB large deletions are very rare worldwide, but most of the individuals harboring the SDHB exon 1 deletion originated from the Iberian Peninsula.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the spectrum of SDHB genetic defects in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with PPGLs.

Prostate imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging of young patients.

Objective: To identify magnetic resonance imaging findings of the prostate in young adults, including symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main aspects of prostate imaging in young patients.

Methods: A total of 102 patients under 40 years of age, who underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging between January 2016 and January 2019, were included in this study.

Intra-individual Variability of Serum Aldosterone and Implications for Primary Aldosteronism Screening.

Context: Primary aldosteronism (PA) screening relies on an elevated aldosterone to renin ratio with a minimum aldosterone level, which varies from 10 to 15 ng/dL (277-415.5 pmol/L) using immunoassay.

Objective: To evaluate intra-individual coefficient of variation (CV) of aldosterone and aldosterone to direct renin concentration ratio (A/DRC) and its impact on PA screening.

Does [18F]F-FDG-PET/MRI add metabolic information to magnetic resonance image in childhood-onset Takayasu's arteritis patients? A multicenter case series.

Background: The observation that 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging ([18F]F-FDG-PET/MRI) revealed high-grade arterial wall FDG uptake, without arterial wall thickening with contrast-enhancement, in a considerable number of c-TA patients in our previous study, encouraged us to compare patients with both PET and MR angiography (MRA) positives, with those with PET positive but MRA negative. Our aim was to evaluate the relevance of these two imaging modalities together.

Methods: A three-center cross-sectional study with 17 patients who fulfilled the EULAR/PRINTO/PReS criteria for c-TA and who underwent [18F]F-FDG-PET/MRI was previously performed.

Primary adrenal insufficiency due to bilateral adrenal infarction in COVID-19: a case report.

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a proinflammatory and prothrombotic condition, but its impact on adrenal function has not been adequately evaluated.

Case Report: A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, hypotension, skin hyperpigmentation after COVID-19 infection. The patient had hyponatremia, serum cortisol <1.

The effect of sirolimus on angiomyolipoma is determined by decrease of fat-poor compartments and includes striking reduction of vascular structures.

Renal angiomyolipomas hemorrhage is associated with their size and vascular constitution. The effects of sirolimus on different components of angiomyolipomas was analyzed in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis and multiple sporadic angiomyolipomas. Thirty angiomyolipomas from 14 patients treated with sirolimus were retrospectively evaluated.

Uncommon Prostate Malignant Neoplasms.

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common prostate cancer; however, there are several other malignant neoplasms that radiologists should be familiar with. The histological classification of malignant prostate neoplasms includes epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, hematolymphoid tumors, and stromal tumors. Knowledge of the main clinical and prostate magnetic resonance imaging features of uncommon tumors beyond adenocarcinoma is important for radiologists to enlarge their diagnostic ability and guide referring physician regarding the appropriate patient workup.