Nuclear PKR in retinal neurons in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats.

Retinal neuron apoptosis is a key component of diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes. Stress due to persistent hyperglycaemia and corresponding glucotoxicity represents one of the primary pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes and its complications. Apoptosis of retinal neurons serves a critical role in the pathogenesis of DR observed in patients with diabetes and streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic rats.

[Corrigendum] Intratumoral injection of PKR shRNA expressing plasmid inhibits B16-F10 melanoma growth.

It has been brought to our attention that there was an important omission of the word 'shRNA', which should have been featured in a couple of places in the above article. The authors incorrectly claimed that the RNA‑dependent protein kinase (PKR) acts as a tumor suppressor; in fact, it is the PKR shRNA that would fulfil the role of being a tumor suppressor. Therefore, the text in the Abstract on p.

Knockdown of chemokine receptor CXCR4 gene by RNA interference: Effects on the B16-F10 melanoma growth.

The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased greatly in recent decades presenting a high mortality rate despite intensive efforts in this area of research. Recent studies indicate that the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) plays a critical role in cancer. Thus, it has been reported that CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 initiates various downstream signaling pathways that result in a plethora of responses involved in cell proliferation and metastasis.

In vivo knockdown of CXCR4 using jetPEI/CXCR4 shRNA nanoparticles inhibits the pulmonary metastatic potential of B16‑F10 melanoma cells.

Metastasis is a key factor that limits survival in the majority of patients with cancer. Thus, numerous efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. B16‑F10 melanoma cells have been demonstrated to be highly metastatic to the lungs in mice.

Intratumoral injection of PKR shRNA expressing plasmid inhibits B16-F10 melanoma growth.

The RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in the regulation of important cell processes such as apoptosis, signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the role played by PKR in cancer remains controversial. RNA interference (RNAi) has currently become an important technique in understanding gene function.

Activation of the kinin B1 receptor attenuates melanoma tumor growth and metastasis.

Melanoma is a very aggressive tumor that does not respond well to standard therapeutic approaches, such as radio- and chemotherapies. Furthermore, acquiring the ability to metastasize in melanoma and many other tumor types is directly related to incurable disease. The B1 kinin receptor participates in a variety of cancer-related pathophysiological events, such as inflammation and angiogenesis.

Expression of noncoding mRNA in human blood cells activated with synthetic peptide of HIV.

T cells activation includes several steps such as translational events, activation of transcription for different genes, expression of surface molecules, secretion of cytokines, effectors functions. Knowledge has been accumulated on various nontranslatable RNA transcripts that are synthesized. In this context, a member of T cell noncoding transcripts (NTT) has been identified.

Molecular investigation of the stromal cell-derived factor-1 chemokine in lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma patients from Brazil.

The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gene contains a common polymorphism, termed SDF1-3'A, in an evolutionarily conserved segment of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). We compared SDF-1 genotypes in patients diagnosed with lymphoid leukemias and lymphomas. Since the SDF1-3'A variant deletes the MspI restriction site, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used for identification of genotypes.

Antitumor activity induced by regulatory RNA: possible role of RNA-dependent protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB.

Regulatory RNAs are noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. Our previous results showed that regulatory RNAs can induce the production of interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma, and Fas ligand (FasL). These cytokines and FasL are involved in host defense mechanisms against tumors.