Anatomy of the superior ophthalmic vein approach for direct endovascular access to vascular lesions of the orbit and cavernous sinus.

Objective: The superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) provides an alternative venous access for the treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulae. Its direct surgical exposure and cannulation can be difficult. This study was performed to identify anatomic landmarks to facilitate localization and exposure of the SOV.