No effect of grape juice on exercise-induced muscle damage or performance in male runners: a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind clinical trial.

This study aimed to verify the effect of grape juice () intake on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and exercise performance parameters (5 km running time-trial (TT), running economy, and countermovement jump (CMJ)). Twenty trained male runners were randomized into two blinded groups and consumed either placebo ( = 9) or grape juice ( = 11) for six consecutive days (600 mL/day). On the fourth day, the participants performed a downhill running (-15%) at speed that elicited 70% V̇Omax for 20 min, to induce muscle damage, followed by assessment of running economy, 5 km TT, and CMJ tests.

No Combined Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum and Priming Exercise on Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Derived Kinetics: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial in Cyclists.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion by chewing gum (GUMCAF) combined with priming exercise on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen extraction (HHb + Mb) kinetics during cycling performed in a severe-intensity domain. Fifteen trained cyclists completed four visits: two under a placebo gum (GUMPLA) and two under GUMCAF ingestion. Each visit consisted of two square-wave cycling bouts at Δ70 intensity (70% of difference between the V˙O2 at first ventilatory threshold and V˙O2max) with duration of 6 min each and 5 min of passive rest between the bouts.

Agreement Between Maximal Lactate Steady State and Critical Power in Different Sports: A Systematic Review and Bayesian's Meta-Regression.

Borszcz, FK, de Aguiar, RA, Costa, VP, Denadai, BS, and de Lucas, RD. Agreement between maximal lactate steady state and critical power in different sports: A systematic review and Bayesian's meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e320-e339, 2024-This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-regression to determine the level of agreement between maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP).

Is the 5-Minute Time-Trial Cycling Test a Valid Predictor of Maximal Oxygen Uptake? An External Cross-Validation Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to cross-validate a recently proposed equation for the prediction of maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) in cycling exercise by using the average power output normalized by the body mass from a 5-minute time trial (RPO5-min) as the independent variable. Further, the study aimed to update the predictive equation using Bayesian informative prior distributions and meta-analysis.

Methods: On different days, 49 male cyclists performed an incremental graded exercise test until exhaustion and a 5-minute time trial on a stationary cycle ergometer.

Comparison of NIRS exercise intensity thresholds with maximal lactate steady state, critical power and rowing performance.

This study aimed to compare the intensity of deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration ([HHb]) and tissue saturation index (TSI) breakpoints ([HHb]-BP and TSI-BP) with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP), and to describe their association with 2000-m rowing ergometer performance. Fourteen male rowers performed on a rowing ergometer: I) a discontinuous incremental test with 3-min stages (INC); II) a continuous incremental test with 1-min stages (INC); III) constant workload tests to determine MLSS; and IV) performance tests of 500 m, 1000 m, 2000 m and 6000 m to determine CP.CP (257 ± 39 W; 3.

Prediction of Exercise Tolerance in the Severe and Extreme Intensity Domains by a Critical Power Model.

This study aimed to assess the predictive capability of different critical power (CP) models on cycling exercise tolerance in the severe- and extreme-intensity domains. Nineteen cyclists (age: 23.0 ± 2.

Acute physiological responses to eccentric cycling: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Eccentric cycling (ECCCYC) has attracted considerable interest due to its potential applicability for exercise treatment/training of patients with poor exercise tolerance as well as healthy and trained individuals. Conversely, little is known about the acute physiological responses to this exercise modality, thus challenging its proper prescription. This study aimed to provide precise estimates of the acute physiological responses to ECCCYC in comparison to traditional concentric cycling (CONCYC).

Ketogenic diets, exercise performance, and training adaptations.

Purpose Of Review: The ketogenic diet has been proposed as a nutritional strategy in sports. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of the recent literature concerning the effects of ketogenic diet on exercise performance and training adaptations.

Recent Findings: Most recent literature on the ketogenic diet and exercise performance showed no beneficial effects, especially for trained individuals.

Chronic Adaptations to Eccentric Cycling Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of eccentric cycling (ECC) training on performance, physiological, and morphological parameters in comparison to concentric cycling (CON) training. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect. Studies comparing the effect of ECC and CON training regimens on performance, physiological, and/or morphological parameters were included.

Is Functional Overreaching or Acute Fatigue the Key to the Effects of Concentrated Block Training in Running?

Borszcz, FK, Vieira, MT, Tramontin, AF, Visentainer, LH, and Costa, VP. Is functional overreaching or acute fatigue the key to the effects of concentrated block training in running? J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3485-3496, 2022-This study examined the effects of 5 consecutive days of high- and moderate-intensity training on performance and physiological measures in moderately trained individuals. The relationship of the training organization with the state of overreaching and acute fatigue was investigated.

Physiological and Perceptual Responses in Spinal Cord Injury Handcyclists During an Endurance Interval Training: The Role of Critical Speed.

Objective: This study sought to determine the physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration) and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion) responses during an endurance interval training at the critical speed in elite handcyclists with spinal cord injury.

Design: Eight handcyclists performed an incremental test, three tests to exhaustion at a constant speed to determine critical speed, and the endurance interval training. The endurance interval training consisted of 6 × 5 mins at the individualized critical speed, with passive recovery of 50 secs.

Muscle Oxidative Capacity Is Associated With Physiological Parameters in Trained Rowers.

The muscle oxygen uptake () kinetics following exercise, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, has been used as a functional evaluation of muscle oxidative metabolism. This study aimed to determine the off-kinetics and verify the relationship of the recovery rate of () with time-trial performance and different aerobic parameters in trained rowers. Eleven male rowers (age: 20 ± 3 years; : 4.

The Impact of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Meal on the Effects of Yerba Mate Drink on Metabolism, Performance, and Antioxidant Status in Trained Male Cyclists.

Introduction: The consumption of yerba mate (YM), a source of antioxidants, in a fasted state increases fatty acid oxidation (FAT) during low-moderate-intensity exercise and improves performance in high-intensity exercise. However, the impact of a pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) meal on YM effects during exercise is unknown.

Objective: We investigated the effects of yerba mate drink (YMD) consumed in the fasted state (YMD-F) or after a CHO meal (YMD-CHO) on measurements of metabolism, performance, and blood oxidative stress markers in cycling exercise.

Effects of the ketogenic diet on performance and body composition in athletes and trained adults: a systematic review and Bayesian multivariate multilevel meta-analysis and meta-regression.

This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) against carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diets on physical performance and body composition in trained individuals. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and The Cochrane Library were searched. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials in athletes/trained adults were included.

Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle kinetics after moderate running exercise in healthy males: reliability and associations with parameters of aerobic fitness.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What is the reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen uptake ( ) kinetics following running exercise and what is the relationship between the time constant of off-kinetics and parameters of aerobic fitness? What is the main finding and its importance? The time constant of kinetics in gastrocnemius following moderate running exercise presents good to excellent reliability. In addition, it was well correlated with parameters of aerobic fitness, such as maximal speed of an incremental test, ventilatory threshold and pulmonary on-kinetics. Therefore, near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxidative capacity together with other physiological measurements may allow a concomitant local and systemic analysis of the components of the oxidative system.

Functional Threshold Power Estimated from a 20-minute Time-trial Test is Warm-up-dependent.

This study investigated the influence of different warm-up protocols on functional threshold power. Twenty-one trained cyclists (˙VOmax=60.2±6.

HIIT Models in Addition to Training Load and Heart Rate Variability Are Related With Physiological and Performance Adaptations After 10-Weeks of Training in Young Futsal Players.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) shuttle-run-based models, over 10 weeks on aerobic, anaerobic, and neuromuscular parameters, and the association of the training load and heart rate variability (HRV) with the change in the measures in young futsal players.

Methods: Eleven young male futsal players (age: 18.5 ± 1.

Agreement of maximal lactate steady state with critical power and physiological thresholds in rowing.

The aim of this study was threefold: (a) to compare the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) with critical power (CP); (b) to describe the relationship of MLSS with rowing performances; and (c) to verify the agreement of MLSS with several exercise intensity thresholds in rowers. Fourteen male rowers (mean [SD]: age = 26 [13] years; height = 1.82 [0.

Predicting Maximal Lactate Steady State from Carminatti's Shuttle Run Test in Soccer Players.

The objective of the present study was to determine the validity of Carminatti's shuttle run incremental test-T-Car derived parameters in estimating the maximal lactate steady state determined in shuttle run format. Eighteen soccer players performed a T-Car test, and several trials to determine the maximal lactate steady state. From T-Car were derived the heart rate deflection point, peak speed, maximal heart rate and parameters resulting from percentage of peak measures.

Applicability of Dmax Method on Heart Rate Variability to Estimate the Lactate Thresholds in Male Runners.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of the Dmax method on heart rate variability (HRV) to estimate the lactate thresholds (LT), during a maximal incremental running test (MIRT).

Methods: Nineteen male runners performed two MIRTs, with the initial speed at 8 km·h and increments of 1 km·h every 3 minutes, until exhaustion. Measures of HRV and blood lactate concentrations were obtained, and lactate (LT and LT) and HRV (HRVT and HRVT) thresholds were identified.

Functional Threshold Power in Cyclists: Validity of the Concept and Physiological Responses.

Functional threshold power is defined as the highest power output a cyclist can maintain in a quasi-steady state for approximately 60 min (FTP). In order to improve practicality for regular evaluations, FTP could theoretically be determined as 95% of the mean power output in a 20-min time trial (FTP). This study tested this assumption and the validity of FTP and FTP against the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT).