Transthoracic Repair of Giant Paraesophageal and Hiatal Hernias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The utilization of transthoracic approaches for the repair of large hiatus hernias remains a topic of clinical debate. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and recovery metrics for transthoracic hiatal hernia repair. A literature search was conducted using the key terms "hiatus hernia," "thoracotomy," "thoracic approach," and "Belsey Mark IV.

Orifice barrier preferences for coronal restoration of root filled teeth by endodontists and other dental practitioners in Australia: A questionnaire survey.

Objectives: To compare the use of orifice barriers (OB) in root-filled teeth (RFT) between specialist endodontic practitioners (SEP) and general and other specialist practitioners (GDP+), and identify common materials, reasons for selection, and techniques.

Methods: An online survey was distributed to SEP and GDP+ practising in Australia. Demographic and multiple-choice questions relating to material selection and technique choices were asked to evaluate and relate usage patterns to practising and training backgrounds.

Hospital Provider's Perspectives on MOUD Initiation and Continuation After Inpatient Discharge.

Background: Individuals with opioid use disorder have high rates of hospital admissions, which represent a critical opportunity to engage patients and initiate medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). However, few patients receive MOUD and, even if MOUD is initiated in the hospital, patients may encounter barriers to continuing MOUD in the community.

Objective: Describe hospital providers' experiences and perspectives to inform initiatives and policies that support hospital-based MOUD initiation and continuation in community treatment programs.

Enhancing Healthcare Professionals' Culinary Skills, Food Management, Counseling Confidence, and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Through a Culinary Medicine Boot Camp: A Pilot Implementation Program (PIP).

Awareness of nutrition's role in chronic diseases is rising, demanding guidance on the diet-disease relationship. Nutritional practices become crucial for prevention, prompting healthcare professionals (HCP) to respond. The present study assessed a Culinary Medicine (CM) program's impact on HCP's Mediterranean diet adherence, food and diet therapy knowledge, food management skills, culinary proficiency, and counseling confidence.

Staff perspectives of barriers and facilitators to implementation of the Consult for Addiction Treatment and Care in Hospitals (CATCH) program in New York City safety net hospitals.

Background: In response to the heavy burden of untreated substance use disorders (SUD) in hospital patients, many health systems are implementing addiction consult services staffed by interprofessional teams that diagnose SUD, make recommendations for SUD care in the hospital, and link patients to post-discharge treatment. In 2018, the New York City public hospital system began rolling out the Consult for Addiction Treatment and Care in Hospitals (CATCH) program in six hospitals. CATCH teams are comprised of an addiction-trained medical provider, social worker or addiction counselor, and peer counselor.

Spinal chondrosarcoma in a young girl: radiological diagnosis and treatment perspectives.

Spinal chondrosarcomas are uncommon malignant bone tumors that are rare in children. The location and imaging features of the lesion help in formulating a differential diagnosis, though in certain instances the lack of typical imaging findings may elude the differential of a chondrosarcoma. There are only a few reported cases in literature and owing to its rarity and lack of specific management protocols in this age group, making treatment decisions can be complex.

Attributes of higher- and lower-performing hospitals in the Consult for Addiction Treatment and Care in Hospitals (CATCH) program implementation: A multiple-case study.

Introduction: Six hospitals within the New York City public hospital system implemented the Consult for Addiction Treatment and Care in Hospitals (CATCH) program, an interprofessional addiction consult service. A stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of CATCH for increasing initiation and engagement in post-discharge medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment among hospital patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The objective of this study was to identify facility characteristics that were associated with stronger performance of CATCH.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing treatment for opioid use disorder in community hospitals.

Introduction: Methadone and buprenorphine are effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), yet they are vastly under-utilized across US hospitals. To inform a national trial assessing the effectiveness of implementation strategies to increase adoption of an inpatient hospital-based opioid treatment (HBOT) model (NCT04921787), we explored barriers and facilitators to expanding medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) within community hospitals across the United States.

Methods: From November 2021 to March 2022, we used purposeful and snowball sampling to identify and interview participants involved in inpatient care of patients with OUD from twelve community hospitals.

Oncological treatments have limited effects on the fertility prognosis in testicular cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumour among young men in the reproductive phase. After completing cancer treatment, up to 77% of cancer survivors report an interest in paternity after completing cancer treatment. To preserve fertility, most guidelines recommend that physicians should counsel their patients about sperm cryopreservation before initiating gonadotoxic therapy.

The Wheel of Fortune: Helical Wheel Alanine Scanning of a Spider Venom Antimicrobial Peptide Reveals Residues Involved in Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity.

A preference for several amino acids is observed to occur at particular positions of cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which ensures the formation of amphipathic regions once they assume their correct secondary structure in membranes or membrane-mimicking environments and makes them active against pathogens. This study determined the effect of alanine mutations on the secondary structure and bioactivity of lyp1987 (GRLQAFLAKMKEIAAQTL-NH), a cationic α-helical AMP obtained from the venom of Lycosa poonaensis which exhibits broad range activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with micromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). CD spectroscopy revealed no significant difference in the secondary structure, with all alanine-substituted analogs exhibiting predominantly α-helical structure in buffered 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol solution.

Addiction Consultation Services for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Initiation and Engagement: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are highly effective, but only 22% of individuals in the US with opioid use disorder receive them. Hospitalization potentially provides an opportunity to initiate MOUD and link patients to ongoing treatment.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of interprofessional hospital addiction consultation services in increasing MOUD treatment initiation and engagement.

Lysophosphatidic acid metabolism and signaling in heart disease.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that is mainly produced by the secreted lysophospholipase D, autotaxin (ATX), and signals through at least six G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6). Extracellular LPA is degraded through lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP1, LPP2, and LPP3) at the plasmamembrane, terminating LPA receptor signaling. The ATX-LPA-LPP3 pathway is critically involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including cell survival, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and organismal development.

Pre-operative hand therapy management of Dupuytren's disease: A systematic review.

Introduction: Dupuytren's Disease is a fibroproliferative disorder of the hand, with a heterogenous pathogenesis, ranging from early-stage nodule development to late-stage digital contractures. Hand therapy intervention is not routinely provided pre-operatively. The objective of this systematic review was to explore the efficacy of hand therapy interventions provided for pre-operative Dupuytren's Disease.

Impact of pandemic mobility restrictions on kidney transplant patients' experience: lessons on quality of care.

Background: Patient perspectives on their post-operative health are acknowledged as valuable healthcare outcomes and should be scrupulously considered when designing interventions for patient-centered healthcare. Yet, following the COVID-19 lockdown and in the absence of standardized guidelines on how to best provide virtual chronic care to kidney transplant recipients, little is known about how this unique population coped and managed to comply with public health indications during confinement.

Methods: This study addresses this shortcoming by examining the experiences of patients from a tertiary hospital in Spain during the initial weeks of the lockdown decreed by the national government.

Intensive care utilisation after elective surgery in Australia and New Zealand: A point prevalence study.

Objective: We aimed to describe the characteristics, outcomes and resource utilisation of patients being cared for in an ICU after undergoing elective surgery in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ).

Methods: This was a point prevalence study involving 51 adult ICUs in ANZ in June 2021. Patients met inclusion criteria if they were being treated in a participating ICU on he study dates.

Nursing Interventions for Client and Family Training in the Proper Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in the Transition from Hospital to Community: A Scoping Review.

Noninvasive ventilation is an increasingly disseminated therapeutic option, which is explained by increases in the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, life expectancy, and the effectiveness of this type of respiratory support. This literature review observes that upon returning home after hospital discharge, there are difficulties in adhering to and maintaining this therapy. The aim of this study is to identify nursing interventions for client and family training in the proper use of noninvasive ventilation in the transition from hospital to community.

Remineralisation of enamel and dentine with stabilised stannous fluoride dentifrices in a randomised cross-over in situ trial.

Objectives: To compare the remineralisation efficacy and ion bioavailability of two novel SnF-containing dentifrices in a blinded, cross-over, randomised in situ clinical study.

Methods: Six participants wore removal palatal appliances holding human enamel and dentine blocks with subsurface lesions. Appliances were worn for two treatment periods of 14 consecutive days each, with a one-week washout period in-between.

Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral detection and whole genome sequencing from COVID-19 rapid antigen test devices: a laboratory evaluation study.

Background: There has been high uptake of rapid antigen test device use for point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis. Individuals who are symptomatic but test negative on COVID-19 rapid antigen test devices might have a different respiratory viral infection. We aimed to detect and sequence non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses from rapid antigen test devices, which could assist in the characterisation and surveillance of circulating respiratory viruses in the community.

From hero to humility: Critical approaches to teaching servant leadership.

Despite the growth of servant leadership research, current understandings of how to teach servant leadership are limited. Further, current approaches often reinforce heroic notions of servant leadership that do not adequately prepare learners to engage in leadership within their own lives. Against this backdrop, we integrate critical pedagogical approaches within servant leadership education.

Non-invasive molecular biomarkers for monitoring solid organ transplantation: A comprehensive overview.

Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving intervention for individuals with end-stage organ failure. Despite the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy, the risk of graft rejection persists in all viable transplants between individuals. The risk of rejection may vary depending on the degree of compatibility between the donor and recipient for both human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA gene-encoded products.

Operando Investigation of Silicon Anodes During Electrochemical Cycling in Li-ion Batteries.

Silicon (Si) is recognized as a promising anode material for next-generation anodes due to its high capacity. However, large volume expansion and active particle pulverization during cycling rapidly deteriorate the battery performance. The relationship between Si anode particle size and particle pulverization, and the structure evolution of Si particles during cycling is not well understood.

Cortical reactivations predict future sensory responses.

Many theories of offline memory consolidation posit that the pattern of neurons activated during a salient sensory experience will be faithfully reactivated, thereby stabilizing the pattern. However, sensory-evoked patterns are not stable but, instead, drift across repeated experiences. Here, to investigate the relationship between reactivations and the drift of sensory representations, we imaged the calcium activity of thousands of excitatory neurons in the mouse lateral visual cortex.