Macroscopic Parameters of Fuel Sprays Injected in an Optical Reciprocating Single-Cylinder Engine: An Approximation by Means of Visualization with Schlieren Technique.

This paper proposes a sensor system for an internal combustion engine based on a new vision-based algorithm supported by the Schlieren sensorization technique, which allows to acquire the macroscopic parameters of the fuel spray injected in a reciprocating internal combustion engine under unmanned aerial vehicle-like conditions. The sensor system proposed here is able to automatically determine the spray cone angle, its area and its penetration. In addition, the external surface and the volume of the fuel spray is estimated together with the injector opening delay and the ignition delay.

Validity and Reliability of an Offline Ultrasound Measurement of Bladder Base Displacement in Women.

The effect of different exercises on the position of pelvic organs in women has not been sufficiently assessed. The objective was to analyze the validity and reliability of a new two-dimensional ultrasound algorithm to measure offline the displacement of the bladder base during abdominal exercises. This algorithm could be a useful method to future studies in determine the most appropriate exercises in sports and in rehabilitative program for the pelvic floor in women.

Vision-Based System for Automated Estimation of the Frontal Area of Swimmers: Towards the Determination of the Instant Active Drag: A Pilot Study.

Swimmers take great advantage by reducing the drag forces either in passive or active conditions. The purpose of this work is to determine the frontal area of swimmers by means of an automated vision system. The proposed algorithm is automated and also allows to determine lateral pose of the swimmer for training purposes.

New Sensor Device to Accurately Measure Cable Tension in Cable-Driven Parallel Robots.

Cable-driven parallel robots are a special type of robot in which an end-effector is attached to a fixed frame by means of several cables. The position and orientation of the end-effector can be controlled by controlling the length of the cables. These robots present a wide range of advantages, and the control algorithms required have greater complexity than those in traditional serial robots.

Transabdominal ultrasound to assess the displacement of the bladder base during abdominal and pelvic floor contractions in continent parous versus nulliparous women.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The effect of different abdominal contractions on the position of pelvic organs in parous women during postpartum exercises has not been sufficiently assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the displacement of the bladder base (BB) during different pelvic floor and abdominal contractions in parous women compared to nulliparous women. We hypothesised that abdominal and perineal contractions will produce a disparate effect on the position of the BB between groups.

SwimOne. New Device for Determining Instantaneous Power and Propulsive Forces in Swimming.

The propulsive forces and instantaneous power that are generated by a swimmer have a great influence on the swimming performance. This works presents a new device, called SwimOne, for measuring propulsive force and estimating the instantaneous power of the swimmer. In addition, the detailed prototype is able to exert a customizable opposition force to the swimmer for training purpose.

Novel Methodology for Football Rebound Test Method.

Assessing and keeping control of the mechanical properties of sport surfaces is a relevant task in sports since it enables athletes to train and compete safely and under equal conditions. Currently, different tests are used for assessing athlete- and ball-surface interactions in artificial turf pitches. In order to make these evaluations more agile and accessible for every facility, it is important to develop new apparatus that enable to perform the tests in an easier and quicker way.