Caliceal-cutaneous fistula after kidney transplantation.

Urinary fistula is a one of the most common complications after kidney transplantation. Conservative treatment with stent and Foley catheter drainage may be tried, however in some cases more invasive approach is needed. Caliceal fistula is a rare condition and the diagnosis may be missed.

Learning curve for radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Purpose: The learning curve is a period in which the surgical procedure is performed with difficulty and slowness, leading to a higher risk of complications and reduced effectiveness due the surgeon's inexperience. We sought to analyze the residents' learning curve for open radical prostatectomy (RP) in a training program.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective study from June 2006 to January 2008 in the academic environment of the University of Sao Paulo.

Transurethral injection therapy with carbon-coated beads (Durasphere®) for treatment of recurrent pyelonephritis in kidney transplant patients with vesico-ureteral reflux to the allograft.

Introduction And Objectives: Recurrent transplant pyelonephritis (RTP) secondary to vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) to the transplant kidney (KTx) remains a significant cause of infectious complications with impact on patient and graft outcomes. Our objective was to verify the safety and efficacy of transurethral injection of Durasphere(®) to relieve RTP secondary to VUR after renal transplantation.

Patients And Methods: Between June 2004 and July 2008, eight patients with RTP (defined as two or more episodes of pyelonephritis after transplantation) and VUR to the KTx were treated with subureteral injections of Durasphere(®).