Performance of a Non-Invasive System for Monitoring Blood Glucose Levels Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technology ().

Background: The need for frequent blood glucose (BG) monitoring and the inconveniences associated with self-monitoring of BG (SMBG) have driven the development of non-invasive approaches.

Methods: This prospective study aimed to investigate the accuracy of glucose level calculation using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology system. People with Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose metabolism were included.

A Telehealth Program Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring and a Connected Insulin Pen Cap in Nursing Homes for Older Adults with Insulin-Treated Diabetes: The Trescasas Study.

To assess the impact and feasibility of a telehealth program using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and a connected insulin pen cap (CIPC) in nursing homes for older adults with insulin-treated diabetes. This multicenter, prospective, sequential, single-arm study consisted of three phases: (1) baseline, blind CGM (); (2) intervention 1, CGM () without alarms; and (3) intervention 2, CGM with alarms for hypo and hyperglycemia. Two telehealth visits from reference diabetes units were conducted to adjust antidiabetic treatments.

Diabetes Management Based on the Phenotype and Stage of the Disease: An Expert Proposal from the AGORA Diabetes Collaborative Group.

Diabetes is a complex and rapidly growing disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations. Recent advances in molecular and genetic technologies have led to the identification of various subtypes of diabetes. These advancements offer the potential for a more precise, individualized approach to treatment, known as precision medicine.

Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and its Glucometrics in Clinical Practice in Spain and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices allow for 24-h real-time measurement of interstitial glucose levels and have changed the interaction between people with diabetes and their health care providers. The large amount of data generated by CGM can be analyzed and evaluated using a set of standardized parameters, collectively named glucometrics. This review aims to provide a summary of the existing evidence on the use of glucometrics data and its impact on clinical practice based on published studies involving adults and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Spain.

Nocturnal Glucose Profile According to Timing of Dinner Rapid Insulin and Basal and Rapid Insulin Type: An Connected Insulin Cap-Based Real-World Study.

Background: A study to assess the glucose levels of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) overnight, based on the insulin type and timing.

Methods: A real-world, retrospective study of T1D, using multiple daily insulin injections. Continuous glucose monitoring and insulin injection data were collected for ten hours after dinner using the connected cap.

Preventing alpelisib-related hyperglycaemia in HR+/HER2-/-mutated advanced breast cancer using metformin (METALLICA): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: Hyperglycaemia is an early and frequent adverse event during alpelisib treatment. METALLICA aimed to evaluate prophylactic metformin to prevent or reduce hyperglycaemia occurrence in patients with HR+/HER2-/-mutated advanced breast cancer (ABC).

Methods: Between August 13th, 2020 and March 23rd, 2022, this 2-cohort, phase 2, multicentre, single-arm trial (NCT04300790) enrolled patients with HR+/HER2-/PIK3CA-mutated ABC: cohort A, normal glycaemia (fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL [<5.

Metabolic and Clinical Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes in the COVID-19 Pre- and Post-Vaccination Periods in Spain: The COVID-SED1 Study.

To evaluate the metabolic and clinical outcomes in the Spanish type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) population before and after COVID-19 vaccination. A retrospective observational study was carried out in Spanish public hospitals previously enrolled in the SED1 study. Adults and children with T1D were included and their clinical electronic records were reviewed.

Ultrarapid Insulin Use Can Reduce Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Late Hypoglycemia, Even in Delayed Insulin Injections: A Connected Insulin Cap-Based Real-World Study.

Reaching optimal postprandial glucose dynamics is a daily challenge for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to analyze the postprandial hyperglycemic excursion (PHEs) and late postprandial hypoglycemia (LPH) risk according to prandial insulin time and type. Real-world, retrospective study in T1D using multiple daily injections (MDI) analyzing 5 h of paired continuous glucose monitoring and insulin injections data collected from the connected cap .

Connected Insulin Pens and Caps: An Expert's Recommendation from the Area of Diabetes of the Spanish Endocrinology and Nutrition Society (SEEN).

Undoubtedly, technological advances have revolutionised diabetes management in recent years. The development of advanced closed hybrid loop insulin pumps or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, among others, have increased the quality of life and improved glycaemic control of people with diabetes. However, only some patients have access to such technology, and only some want to use it.

Efficacy of a Connected Insulin Pen Cap in People With Noncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the insulin pen cap Insulclock on improving glycemic control, treatment adherence, and user satisfaction in people with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial comprised a 4-week run-in phase and a 6-week double-arm phase in which participants were randomly assigned into an active or masked mode.

Results: Fifty-five participants were evaluable (active group, n = 26, masked group, n = 29).

Executive summary of the consensus statement of: Clinical recommendations for sport practice in people with diabetes (RECORD Guide). Update 2021. Diabetes Mellitus Area of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN).

Objective: To guide professionals involved in the care of people with diabetes mellitus who practice sport.

Participants: Members of the Diabetes Mellitus Working Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition.

Methods: A group of experts in each area covered by the statement carried out a bibliographic review of the available evidence for each topic, based on which recommendations were subsequently agreed upon within the Diabetes Mellitus Working Group.

Clinical Research on Type 2 Diabetes: A Promising and Multifaceted Landscape.

Type 2 diabetes constitutes an imposing epidemiological, economic, and scientific global challenge [...

Perceptions about the Management of Patients with DM2 and COVID-19 in the Hospital Care Setting.

Background: COVID-19 entails a higher rate of complications in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Likewise, COVID-19 infection can cause alterations in glucose metabolism that may lead to worse control. The aim of the study was to analyse the perceptions of a large group of Spanish physicians about the relationship between COVID-19 and T2DM, as well as the management, monitoring, and treatment of both diseases.

Usefulness of circulating EPAC1 as biomarkers of therapeutic response to GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Aims: The response to Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) is highly varia-ble among patients. Thus, the identification of predictive biomarkers of therapeutic response to GLP-1 RA could help us to optimize the use of this class of drugs. GLP-1RAs increase exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC).

Safety and Efficacy of Inpatient Diabetes Management with Non-insulin Agents: an Overview of International Practices.

Purpose Of Review: The field of inpatient diabetes has advanced significantly over the last 20 years, leading to the development of personalized treatment approaches. However, outdated guidelines still recommend the use of basal-bolus insulin therapy as the preferred treatment approach, and against the use of non-insulin anti-hyperglycemic agents.

Recent Findings: Several observational and prospective randomized controlled studies have demonstrated that oral anti-hyperglycemic agents are widely used in the hospital, including studies of DPP-4 agents and GLP-1 agonists.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Macro- and Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. To date, NAFLD is the most frequent chronic liver disease seen day by day in clinical practice across most high-income countries, affecting nearly 25-30% of adults in the general population and up to 70% of patients with T2DM. Over the last few decades, it clearly emerged that NAFLD is a "multisystemic disease" and that the leading cause of death among patients with NAFLD is cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Understanding the clinical implications of differences between glucose management indicator and glycated haemoglobin.

Laboratory measured glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for assessing glycaemic control in people with diabetes and correlates with their risk of long-term complications. The emergence of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has highlighted limitations of HbA1c testing. HbA1c can only be reviewed infrequently and can mask the risk of hypoglycaemia or extreme glucose fluctuations.

Are There Different Viewpoints About the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Comorbidities? A Multidisciplinary Spanish Qualitative Research.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the vision of a large multidisciplinary group of physicians treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Spain, with a special focus on controversial management aspects. The perceptions of primary care (PC) physicians and hospital care (HC) specialists were compared.

Methods: This was a mixed survey that included Delphi-like statements and opinion, attitude and behaviour (OAB) questions.

Clinical characteristics and management of type 1 diabetes in Spain. The SED1 study.

Objectives: To determine the sociodemographic and clinical profile of a representative sample of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in Spain and identify factors associated with glycemic control.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in adults and children with DM1 treated in 75 Spanish public hospitals, geographically distributed in order to be representative of the Spanish population. Within each center, the patients were included on a consecutive basis as they visited the clinic.

Adherence to antidiabetic treatment and impaired hypoglycemia awareness in type 2 diabetes mellitus assessed in Spanish community pharmacies: the ADHIFAC study.

Introduction: Adherence to treatment and hypoglycemia awareness are strongly linked to glycemic control and hypoglycemia risk in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Community pharmacies are suitable facilities to detect these conditions, and should be involved in the strategies to minimize the associated risks and burden.

Research Design And Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted at community pharmacies across Spain assessed the prevalence of low adherence to antidiabetic treatments, the frequency of impaired hypoglycemia awareness, and their predictive factors.

Patient Preferences for Pharmacological Diabetes Treatment Among People with Diabetes in Spain: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Introduction: The aim of the project was to describe the preferences related to the medication attributes of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) treated in Spain.

Methods: The project was carried out in four different phases. In phase A, a Steering Committee defined and selected a total of 18 attributes for treating DM and grouped them into four categories: health outcomes, adverse events, treatment characteristics and cost of treatment.