Digital Technologies Tracking Active and Passive Data Collection in Depressive Disorders: Lessons Learned From a Case Series.

In this case series, we present several examples from participants (2 patients and 1 healthy control) of a 12-week pilot feasibility study to create a digital phenotype of depression (unipolar or bipolar) through active and passive data collection from a smartphone and a wearable device combined with routine clinical care for mood disorders. The selected cases represent real clinical examples that highlight the intrinsic challenges that should be expected when conducting similar studies, including appropriate health data privacy protection, clinical standardization, and interindividual differences in levels of engagement and acceptability of active and passive data collection (ie, self-reported, behavioral, cognitive, and physiological data), particularly with patient-generated data in mobile apps, digital proficiency habituation, and consistent use of wearable devices. In the context of the rapidly growing use of digital technologies in psychiatry, anticipating challenges for the integration of personal mobile devices and smartphone mental health apps as aides to track specific aspects of depressive disorders is critical for a clinically meaningful digital transformation of mood disorders care.

Change in neurocognitive functioning in patients with treatment-resistant depression with serial intravenous ketamine infusions: The Bio-K multicenter trial.

This nonrandomized, multicenter, open-label clinical trial explored the impact of intravenous (IV) ketamine on cognitive function in adults (n = 74) with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Patients received three IV ketamine infusions during the acute phase and, if remitted, four additional infusions in the continuation phase (Mayo site). Cognitive assessments using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were conducted at baseline, end of the acute phase, and end of the continuation phase (Mayo site).

Digital Phenotyping for Mood Disorders: Methodology-Oriented Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: In the burgeoning area of clinical digital phenotyping research, there is a dearth of literature that details methodology, including the key challenges and dilemmas in developing and implementing a successful architecture for technological infrastructure, patient engagement, longitudinal study participation, and successful reporting and analysis of diverse passive and active digital data streams.

Objective: This article provides a narrative rationale for our study design in the context of the current evidence base and best practices, with an emphasis on our initial lessons learned from the implementation challenges and successes of this digital phenotyping study.

Methods: We describe the design and implementation approach for a digital phenotyping pilot feasibility study with attention to synthesizing key literature and the reasoning for pragmatic adaptations in implementing a multisite study encompassing distinct geographic and population settings.

Clinical outcomes in the biomarkers of ketamine (Bio-K) study of open-label IV ketamine for refractory depression.

Objective: We conducted an open-label clinical trial ("Bio-K") using IV ketamine for treatment-resistant depression to identify biomarkers linked to remission. Here, we report the clinical efficacy and side effect outcomes of Bio-K.

Methods: Across 4 US sites, 75 patients ages 18-65 with treatment-refractory unipolar or bipolar depression received 3 IV ketamine infusions over an 11-day period.

Classifying and clustering mood disorder patients using smartphone data from a feasibility study.

Differentiating between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder can be challenging for clinicians. The diagnostic process might benefit from new ways of monitoring the phenotypes of these disorders. Smartphone data might offer insight in this regard.

The Human Phenotype Ontology in 2024: phenotypes around the world.

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a widely used resource that comprehensively organizes and defines the phenotypic features of human disease, enabling computational inference and supporting genomic and phenotypic analyses through semantic similarity and machine learning algorithms. The HPO has widespread applications in clinical diagnostics and translational research, including genomic diagnostics, gene-disease discovery, and cohort analytics. In recent years, groups around the world have developed translations of the HPO from English to other languages, and the HPO browser has been internationalized, allowing users to view HPO term labels and in many cases synonyms and definitions in ten languages in addition to English.

Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder is Associated with Focal Adhesion and PI3K-Akt Networks: A Multi-omics Replication Study.

Lithium is the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, its mechanism of action is incompletely understood, and prediction of treatment outcomes is limited. In our previous multi-omics study of the Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder (PGBD) sample combining transcriptomic and genomic data, we found that focal adhesion, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and PI3K-Akt signaling networks were associated with response to lithium.

Brain-based correlates of antidepressant response to ketamine: a comprehensive systematic review of neuroimaging studies.

Ketamine is an effective antidepressant, but there is substantial variability in patient response and the precise mechanism of action is unclear. Neuroimaging can provide predictive and mechanistic insights, but findings are limited by small sample sizes. This systematic review covers neuroimaging studies investigating baseline (pre-treatment) and longitudinal (post-treatment) biomarkers of responses to ketamine.

Stylizing Ribbons: Computing Surface Contours With Temporally Coherent Orientations.

Line work is a core element for the stylization of computer animations used by recent shows. However, existing stylization techniques are limited to edge treatments based on brush strokes or textures applied solely on top of curves. In this work, we propose new stylization effects by offering artists direct control over the inside and outside of surface contours.

Association of polygenic score and the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways with lithium treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder.

Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental health disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores.

Ketamine versus ECT for Nonpsychotic Treatment-Resistant Major Depression.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and subanesthetic intravenous ketamine are both currently used for treatment-resistant major depression, but the comparative effectiveness of the two treatments remains uncertain.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial involving patients referred to ECT clinics for treatment-resistant major depression. Patients with treatment-resistant major depression without psychosis were recruited and assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive ketamine or ECT.

Racial differences in the major clinical symptom domains of bipolar disorder.

Background: Across clinical settings, black individuals are disproportionately less likely to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder compared to schizophrenia, a traditionally more severe and chronic disorder with lower expectations for remission. The causes of this disparity are likely multifactorial, ranging from the effects of implicit bias, to developmental and lifelong effects of structural racism, to differing cultural manifestations of psychiatric symptoms and distress. While prior studies examining differences have found a greater preponderance of specific psychotic symptoms (such as persecutory delusions and hallucinations) and a more dysphoric/mixed mania presentation in Black individuals, these studies have been limited by a lack of systematic phenotypic assessment and small sample sizes.

Diagnosis and management of bipolar disorders.

Bipolar disorders (BDs) are recurrent and sometimes chronic disorders of mood that affect around 2% of the world's population and encompass a spectrum between severe elevated and excitable mood states (mania) to the dysphoria, low energy, and despondency of depressive episodes. The illness commonly starts in young adults and is a leading cause of disability and premature mortality. The clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder can be markedly varied between and within individuals across their lifespan.