Near-Ambient Pressure Oxidation of Silver in the Presence of Steps: Electrophilic Oxygen and Sulfur Impurities.

The oxidation of Ag crystal surfaces has recently triggered strong controversies around the presence of sulfur impurities that may catalyze reactions, such as the alkene epoxidations, especially the ethylene epoxidation. A fundamental challenge to achieve a clear understanding is the variety of procedures and setups involved as well as the particular history of each sample. Especially, for the often-used X-ray photoemission technique, product detection, or photoemission peak position overlap are problematic.

FdeC expression regulates motility and adhesion of the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain IMT5155.

Adaptation of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) to changing host environments including virulence factors expression is vital for disease progression. FdeC is an autotransporter adhesin that plays a role in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) adhesion to epithelial cells.

Pre-surgical cryoablation in ≤ 2 cm ER + /HER2-tumors. Prognostic factors for the presence of residual invasive carcinoma.

Background: Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the standard approach for small low-risk tumors. If the efficacy of cryoablation is demonstrated, it could provide a minimally invasive alternative to surgery.

CO and O Interaction with Kinked Pt Surfaces.

We investigate the chemical interaction of carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O) with kink atoms on steps of platinum crystal surfaces using a specially designed Pt curved sample. We aim at describing the fundamental stages of the CO oxidation reaction, i.e.

Operando probing of the surface chemistry during the Haber-Bosch process.

The large-scale conversion of N and H into NH (refs. ) over Fe and Ru catalysts for fertilizer production occurs through the Haber-Bosch process, which has been considered the most important scientific invention of the twentieth century. The active component of the catalyst enabling the conversion was variously considered to be the oxide, nitride, metallic phase or surface nitride, and the rate-limiting step has been associated with N dissociation, reaction of the adsorbed nitrogen and also NH desorption.

Multi-spectroscopic study of electrochemically-formed oxide-derived gold electrodes.

Oxide-derived metals are produced by reducing an oxide precursor. These materials, including gold, have shown improved catalytic performance over many native metals. The origin of this improvement for gold is not yet understood.

Demonstrating Pressure Jumping as a Tool to Address the Pressure Gap in High Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy of CO and CO Hydrogenation on Rh(211).

Operando probing by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of certain hydrogenation reactions are often limited by the scattering of photoelectrons in the gas phase. This work describes a method designed to partially circumvent this so called pressure gap. By performing a rapid switch from a high pressure (where acquisition is impossible) to a lower pressure we can for a short while probe a "remnant" of the high pressure surface as well as the time dynamics during the re-equilibration to the new pressure.

Structure Matters: Asymmetric CO Oxidation at Rh Steps with Different Atomic Packing.

Curved crystals are a simple but powerful approach to bridge the gap between single crystal surfaces and nanoparticle catalysts, by allowing a rational assessment of the role of active step sites in gas-surface reactions. Using a curved Rh(111) crystal, here, we investigate the effect of A-type (square geometry) and B-type (triangular geometry) atomic packing of steps on the catalytic CO oxidation on Rh at millibar pressures. Imaging the crystal during reaction ignition with laser-induced CO fluorescence demonstrates a two-step process, where B-steps ignite at lower temperature than A-steps.

Reduced Carbon Monoxide Saturation Coverage on Vicinal Palladium Surfaces: the Importance of the Adsorption Site.

Steps at metal surfaces may influence energetics and kinetics of catalytic reactions in unexpected ways. Here, we report a significant reduction of the CO saturation coverage in Pd vicinal surfaces, which in turn is relevant for the light-off of the CO oxidation reaction. The study is based on a systematic investigation of CO adsorption on vicinal Pd(111) surfaces making use of a curved Pd crystal.

Catalytic Oxidation of CO on a Curved Pt(111) Surface: Simultaneous Ignition at All Facets through a Transient CO-O Complex*.

The catalytic oxidation of CO on transition metals, such as Pt, is commonly viewed as a sharp transition from the CO-inhibited surface to the active metal, covered with O. However, we find that minor amounts of O are present in the CO-poisoned layer that explain why, surprisingly, CO desorbs at stepped and flat Pt crystal planes at once, regardless of the reaction conditions. Using near-ambient pressure X-ray photoemission and a curved Pt(111) crystal we probe the chemical composition at surfaces with variable step density during the CO oxidation reaction.

Shotgun proteomics of archival triple-negative breast cancer samples.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers, and has a worse prognosis compared with hormone receptor-positive disease. Its unfavorable outcome and the lack of hormonal receptors determine the use of adjuvant chemotherapy as part of the standard treatment for these tumors, although several studies have documented that the current standard combination chemotherapy is suboptimal. Therefore, a new functional taxonomy of breast cancer and new targets for therapeutic development are urgently needed.