Cytokine storm in Chikungunya: Can we call it multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with Chikungunya?

Paraguay is currently facing a new outbreak of Chikungunya virus. This report summarizes two severe cases of Chikungunya (CHIKV) infection, confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We present the cases of patients with acute CHIKV infection and multisystem involvement, with fever, rash, abdominal pain, vomiting, myocarditis, and coronary artery anomalies, very similar to the cases described in MIS-C related to SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Risk Factors for Death and Severe Neurological Sequelae in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis.

Introduction: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) continues to be a challenge from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. Identifying severity risk factors and predictive scores may guide interventions to reduce poor outcome.

Methods: Data from a retrospective study for ABM in children admitted to the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Paraguay was analyzed.

Clinical manifestations of primary and secondary dengue in Paraguay and its relation to virus serotype.

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is currently a major cause of morbidity in the world, and its incidence has mainly increased during the last years in Latin America, including Paraguay. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory findings of dengue and assess whether the serotype is a risk factor for severity.

Methodology: We included patients ≤ 15 years old hospitalized with dengue at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, from Paraguay, from 2007 to 2018.

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus detection correlates with severity in primary but not in secondary dengue infection.

Background: Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus circulates in the serum of patients during the acute phase of the disease.

Objectives: To determine whether NS1 screening can serve in diagnosing primary and secondary infection and to evaluate its utility as a marker for predicting the severity of dengue in children.

Study Design: Patients ≤15 years of age hospitalized for dengue between 2012-2018, with NS1 determination (Panbio, Australia) were included.

Prognostic factors of severity of invasive community acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in children.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections in children and identify the prognostic factors of severity and mortality.

Materials And Methods: Observational study in patients < 16 years old hospitalized between 2010 and 2015 due to invasive S. aureus infections at the Instituto de Medicina Tropical, in Asunción, Paraguay.

Mortality Rate and Predictors in Children Under 15 Years Old Who Acquired HIV from Mother to Child Transmission in Paraguay.

We estimated mortality rate and predictors of death in children and adolescents who acquired HIV through mother-to-child transmission in Paraguay. In 2000-2014, we conducted a cohort study among children and adolescents aged < 15 years. We abstracted data from medical records and death certificates.