Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors: Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Lipid Metabolism and the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have emphasized the role of lipid dysregulation in activating cellular mechanisms that contribute to CKD progression in the context of MetS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated efficacy in improving various components of MetS, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.

Naringenin - a potential nephroprotective agent for diabetic kidney disease: A comprehensive review of scientific evidence.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which is a major contributing factor to chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and cardiovascular-related deaths. There are several mechanisms leading to kidney injury, with hyperglycemia well known to stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, tissue remodeling, and dysfunction in the vascular system and organs. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) decrease the bioavailability of vasodilators while increasing vasoconstrictors, resulting in an imbalance in vascular tone and the development of hypertension.

Allicin, an Emerging Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Experimental Study.

We assessed whether allicin, through its antihypertensive and antioxidant effects, relieves vascular remodeling, endothelial function, and oxidative stress (OS), thereby improving experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Allicin (16 mg/kg) was administered to rats with PAH (monocrotaline 60 mg/kg). Allicin encouraged body weight gain and survival rate, and medial wall thickness and the right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy were prevented.

Two Novel Variants in A Family with Raine Syndrome.

Two siblings from a Mexican family who carried lethal Raine syndrome are presented. A newborn term male (case 1) and his 21 gestational week brother (case 2), with a similar osteosclerotic pattern: generalized osteosclerosis, which is more evident in facial bones and cranial base. Prenatal findings at 21 weeks and histopathological features for case 2 are described.