Major abnormalities of the electrocardiogram and cardiovascular risk in a medium and high-risk Mediterranean population.

Introduction: Major electrocardiogram abnormalities (MECG) are common in middle-aged and older individuals and could be an important factor in predicting cardiovascular events.

Objective: To analyse the association between MECG (Minnesota classification) and CVE independently of classic cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and to assess whether they improve the prediction according to the Spanish Coronary Event Risk Function (FRESCO).

Method: 1.

Mediterranean Diet Modulation of Neuroinflammation-Related Genes in Elderly Adults at High Cardiovascular Risk.

Individuals with dementia and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) often suffer from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Neuroinflammation driven by conditions involved in CVDs is linked to disruptions in the central nervous system triggering immune reactions, perpetuating an "inflammatory-like" environment. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been proposed as a key factor to attenuate these risks.

Plasma metabolite profile of legume consumption and future risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Background: Legume consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), while the potential association between plasma metabolites associated with legume consumption and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases has never been explored. Therefore, we aimed to identify a metabolite signature of legume consumption, and subsequently investigate its potential association with the incidence of T2D and CVD.

Methods: The current cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis was conducted in 1833 PREDIMED study participants (mean age 67 years, 57.

Olive oil consumption, plasma metabolites, and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Background: Olive oil consumption has been inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the impact of olive oil consumption on plasma metabolites remains poorly understood. This study aims to identify plasma metabolites related to total and specific types of olive oil consumption, and to assess the prospective associations of the identified multi-metabolite profiles with the risk of T2D and CVD.

Association between tomato consumption and blood pressure in an older population at high cardiovascular risk: observational analysis of PREDIMED trial.

Aims: Clinical studies have produced conflicting evidence on the effects of the consumption of tomatoes on blood pressure, and there are limited data from epidemiologic studies. This study assesses whether tomato consumption (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the risk of hypertension in a prospective 3-year longitudinal study in older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Yearly attained adherence to Mediterranean diet and incidence of diabetes in a large randomized trial.

Background: Several large observational prospective studies have reported a protection by the traditional Mediterranean diet against type 2 diabetes, but none of them used yearly repeated measures of dietary intake. Repeated measurements of dietary intake are able to improve subject classification and to increase the quality of the assessed relationships in nutritional epidemiology. Beyond observational studies, randomized trials provide stronger causal evidence.

Plasma metabolite profiles associated with the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research lifestyle score and future risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Background: A healthy lifestyle (HL) has been inversely related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have identified a metabolite profile associated with HL. The present study aims to identify a metabolite profile of a HL score and assess its association with the incidence of T2D and CVD in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

Association between serum copper levels and risk of cardiovascular disease: A nested case-control study in the PREDIMED trial.

Background And Aim: Certain trace elements have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum copper (S-Cu) levels and the risk of a first event of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population of older adults with high cardiovascular risk.

Methods And Results: We conducted a case-control study nested within the PREDIMED trial.

American Heart Association's life simple 7 and the risk of atrial fibrillation in the PREDIMED study cohort.

Background And Aims: The American Heart Association proposed 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics (Life's Simple 7 [LS7]) namely, not smoking, body mass index <25 kg/m, healthy diet, moderate physical activity ≥150 min/week, total blood cholesterol <200 mg/dL, blood pressure <120/80 mmHg and fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL. Our objective was to assess the association between these LS7 metrics and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods And Results: A total of 6,479 participants of the PREDIMED study were included.

Circulating citric acid cycle metabolites and risk of cardiovascular disease in the PREDIMED study.

Background And Aim: Plasma citric acid cycle (CAC) metabolites might be likely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, studies assessing the longitudinal associations between circulating CAC-related metabolites and CVD risk are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of baseline and 1-year levels of plasma CAC-related metabolites with CVD incidence (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death), and their interaction with Mediterranean diet interventions.

Effects of Supplemented Mediterranean Diets on Plasma-Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease after 1 Year of Intervention in the PREDIMED Trial.

Background: Plasma fatty acids (FAs) have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Diet and endogenous metabolism influence the FA profile of the plasma phospholipid (PL) fraction. In the PREDIMED trial, we examined 1-year changes in the FA profile of plasma PL according to a nutritional intervention with Mediterranean diets, either supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet + EVOO) or mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), in a high cardiovascular risk population.

Circulating Amino Acids and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in the PREDIMED Trial.

Effective prevention and risk prediction are important for peripheral artery disease (PAD) due to its poor prognosis and the huge disease burden it produces. Circulating amino acids (AA) and their metabolites may serve as biomarkers of PAD risk, but they have been scarcely investigated. The objective was to prospectively analyze the associations of baseline levels of plasma AA (and their pathways) with subsequent risk of PAD and the potential effect modification by a nutritional intervention with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet).

Serum Selenium and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Trial: Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: Selenium is an essential trace mineral with potential interest for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention owing to its antioxidant properties. Epidemiological data on selenium status and CVD remain inconsistent. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether low serum selenium (SSe) concentrations are related to an increased risk of a first CVD event in a population at high cardiovascular risk.

Plasma Metabolite Profiles Associated with the Amount and Source of Meat and Fish Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Scope: Consumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective is to identify a metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish and examine if they are associated with T2D risk.

Methods And Results: The discovery population includes 1833 participants from the PREDIMED trial.

One-Year Changes in Urinary Microbial Phenolic Metabolites and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes-A Case-Control Study.

The intake of polyphenols has been associated with a risk reduction of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, the molecules that might be metabolically active after ingestion are only starting to be investigated regarding this metabolic disease. To investigate the association between one-year changes in urinary microbial phenolic metabolites (MPM) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes, we performed a case-control study using data and samples of the PREDIMED trial including 46 incident type 2 diabetes cases of 172 randomly selected participants.

Arginine catabolism metabolites and atrial fibrillation or heart failure risk: 2 case-control studies within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial.

Background: Arginine-derived metabolites are involved in oxidative and inflammatory processes related to endothelial functions and cardiovascular risks.

Objectives: We prospectively examined the associations of arginine catabolism metabolites with the risks of atrial fibrillation (AF) or heart failure (HF), and evaluated the potential modifications of these associations through Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interventions in a large, primary-prevention trial.

Methods: Two nested, matched, case-control studies were designed within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial.

Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of incident heart failure and atrial fibrillation: the Prevención con dieta mediterránea study.

Introduction And Objectives: Fatty acid metabolic dysregulation in mitochondria is a common mechanism involved in the development of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). We evaluated the association between plasma acylcarnitine levels and the incidence of HF or AF, and whether the mediterranean diet (MedDiet) may attenuate the association between acylcarnitines and HF or AF risk.

Methods: Two case-control studies nested within the Prevención con dieta mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial.

Tricarboxylic acid cycle related-metabolites and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

Background: Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle deregulation may predispose to cardiovascular diseases, but the role of TCA cycle-related metabolites in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) remains unexplored. This study sought to investigate the association of TCA cycle-related metabolites with risk of AF and HF.

Methods: We used two nested case-control studies within the PREDIMED study.

Urinary Tartaric Acid, a Biomarker of Wine Intake, Correlates with Lower Total and LDL Cholesterol.

Postmenopausal women are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to changes in lipid profile and body fat, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of urinary tartaric acid, a biomarker of wine consumption, with anthropometric (weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio), blood pressure, and biochemical variables (blood glucose and lipid profile) that may be affected during the menopausal transition. This sub-study of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial included a sample of 230 women aged 60-80 years with high cardiovascular risk at baseline.

Metabolomics of the tryptophan-kynurenine degradation pathway and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure: potential modification effect of Mediterranean diet.

Background: The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is linked to inflammation. We hypothesize that metabolites implicated in this pathway may be associated with the risk of heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF) in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: We aimed to prospectively analyze the associations of kynurenine-related metabolites with the risk of HF and AF and to analyze a potential effect modification by the randomized interventions of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial with Mediterranean diet (MedDiet).

Glycolysis Metabolites and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Trial.

The increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) highlights the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between glycolysis-related metabolites and the risk of AF and HF in a Mediterranean population at high risk of CVD. We used two case-control studies nested within the PREDIMED trial.

Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity Decrease the Initiation of Cardiovascular Drug Use in High Cardiovascular Risk Individuals: A Cohort Study.

Our aim was to assess whether long-term adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were associated with a lower initiation of cardiovascular drug use. We studied the association between cumulative average of MedDiet adherence and LTPA and the risk of cardiovascular drug initiation in older adults at high cardiovascular risk (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial participants) non-medicated at baseline: glucose-lowering drugs ( = 4437), antihypertensives ( = 2145), statins ( = 3977), fibrates ( = 6391), antiplatelets ( = 5760), vitamin K antagonists ( = 6877), antianginal drugs ( = 6837), and cardiac glycosides ( = 6954). One-point increases in MedDiet adherence were linearly associated with a decreased initiation of glucose-lowering (HR: 0.

Plasma Metabolomic Profiles of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Carbohydrate Quality Index in the PREDIMED Study.

Background: The quality of carbohydrate consumed, assessed by the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), or carbohydrate quality index (CQI), affects the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses, which have been implicated in the etiology of several chronic diseases. However, it is unclear whether plasma metabolites involved in different biological pathways could provide functional insights into the role of carbohydrate quality indices in health.

Objectives: We aimed to identify plasma metabolomic profiles associated with dietary GI, GL, and CQI.

Lipid Profiles and Heart Failure Risk: Results From Two Prospective Studies.

Rationale: Altered lipid metabolism has been implicated in heart failure (HF) development, but no prospective studies have examined comprehensive lipidomics data and subsequent risk of HF.

Objective: We aimed to link single lipid metabolites and lipidomics networks to the risk of developing HF.

Methods And Results: Discovery analyses were based on 216 targeted lipids in a case-control study (331 incident HF cases and 507 controls, matched by age, sex, and study center), nested within the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study.