The challenging management of malignant ureteral obstruction: Analysis of a series of 188 cases.

Background: Malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) is a common condition that complicates the course of advanced malignancies. The aims of this study are to analyze the causes, management, and survival of patients with obstructive nephropathy due to malignant ureteric obstruction and to determine prognostic factors. Furthermore, we studied the complications and outcomes in patients who underwent urinary diversion.

Kidney Autotransplantation and Orthotopic Kidney Transplantation: Two Different Approaches for Complex Cases.

Introduction: Transplantation surgery teams often have to face complex cases. In certain circumstances, such as occlusion of the iliac vessels or prior pelvic surgery, heterotopic kidney transplantation may not be feasible and orthotopic kidney transplantation (OKT) could be a good alternative. Kidney autotransplantation (KAT) has been described as a potential treatment for complex renovascular, ureteral, or neoplastic conditions.

Spontaneous urinoma debuting as retroperitoneal abscess: report of 2 cases and literature review.

Spontaneous urinoma is a urological entity that can be complicated by a retroperitoneal abscess. Urinoma can be iatrogenic, traumatic, or can be caused by obstructive uropathy. We report two cases of spontaneous urinomas, describing a not previously published cause of urinoma: pyeloureteritis.

Well-Leg Compartment Syndrome After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Galdakao-Modified Supine Valdivia Position.

Purpose: The objective is to present a case of well-leg compartment syndrome in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position.

Results: The case of a 32-year-old male, obese (105 Kg) and a former smoker is presented. The patient was positioned in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position, with lower limbs bandaged, to perform a right percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Long-term results of the treatment of complex ureteral stenosis with extra-anatomic ureteral bypasses.

Introduction: Complex ureteral obstruction is a pathology that has always been a challenge for the urologist, especially in patients with high surgical risk or with a short life expectancy.

Material And Methods: Between 2002 and 2017, 13 extra-anatomical bypasses were placed. A descriptive retrospective study was carried out.

[Evaluation of the PI-RADSv2 classification in a cohort of patients who underwent a prostate fusion biopsy.].

Introduction: Prostate Fusion biopsy (MRI + prostate ultrasound) is described in literature as superior to classic random transrectal biopsy in order to identify suspicious lesion.

Objectives: To evaluate the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) proposed by the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) for detection of prostate cancer by multiparametric MRI in a consecutive cohort of patients with MRI and transrectal ultrasound prostate fusion-guided biopsy.

Material And Methods: 87 patients with suspected Prostatic Cancer on prostate MRI underwent fusion transperineal prostate biopsy in our Department.

Bibliographic review about the usefulness of ultrasound contrast media in the study of renal masses.

Objectives: The microbubbles enhanced ultrasound contrast is a novel technique that informs us in real time of renal perfusion and microcirculation.

Method: We reviewed the literature about its use in the study of renal masses in order to show their actual clinical performance in this condition.

Result: This technique is useful in the differential diagnosis of pseudotumors, characterization and monitoring of small renal masses, the study of complex renal cysts and controlling the progression of renal masses that underwent ablative treatments.

[Bladder lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Bibliographic review and case report].

Objective: Lymphoepithelial-carcinoma or lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is a rare tumour, the histology of which remembers nasal pharyngeal is lymphoepitheliomas. Their presence has been described in multiple localizations, but only 55 cases have been described in the bladder. We present a new case of bladder lymphoepithelial carcinoma and performed a review of all published cases, with the aim of defining its characteristics and try to obtain a therapeutic and prognostic guide applicable to this disease.

[Testicular ultrasonography].

Objectives: To review the contribution of ultrasound to the differential diagnosis of scrotal pathology, both testicular and adnexal.

Methods: We performed a bibliographic review on the topic, adding the experience of our Unit over the years; we classified the pathology in testicular and extratesticular, separating liquid and solid lesions, and a miscellaneous group of unclassifiable cases.

Results: Currently, ultrasonography with high frequency equipment allows not only to differentiate between intra and extratesticular lesions, but also to identify specific lesions, the manage of which may include follow-up without need of unavoidable surgery.

[The role of transrectal ultrasound on prostatic cryotherapy and brachytherapy].

Transrectal ultrasound is the method that gives a direct image of the prostate, its limits, structural and morphologic anomalies, and anatomical relations. Therefore, prostate volume is easily determined, being the first step for the application of certain therapeutic procedures. Prostatic cryotherapy and brachytherapy have been developed over the last years as minimally invasive options for the treatment of prostate cancer.

[Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy: contribution of an ultrasound diagnostic unit after ten years of experience].

Objectives: Although transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostatic biopsy is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC), neither the ideal number of cores nor the number of repeated biopsies, nor the required diagnostic yield have been established. After our experience of ten years with TRUS biopsy we perform a review of the technique and its indications.

Methods: PSA, ultrasound features, and pathologic data of 6000 patients undergoing modified sextant TRUS biopsy between 1994 to December 2002 were collected.

[Diagnosis and follow-up of benign prostatic hyperplasia by ultrasound].

Objectives: The aim of the study is to analyze the utility of ultrasound in the evaluation and treatment selection of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: A total of 5000 patients older than 50 years and with prostatic symptoms were evaluated with abdominal ultrasound and in selected cases with transrectal ultrasound.

Results: The first ultrasonographic sign of BPH is the increase of anteroposterior and longitudinal diameters.

[Ultrasonography for the study of small renal masses].

Objectives: To perform an update on the usefulness of ultrasound in the study of small size renal tumors and its current possibilities.

Methods: We review the results of ultrasound in this pathology with the addition of the most recent technological advances such as a harmonic digital converters and power color Doppler. We analyze its contribution to the differential diagnosis of the cystic pathology, to the definition of solid masses, to the detection and characterization of small size masses, and to the definition of the vascular patterns of various tumors.

[Cryotherapy III, bibliographic review. Our experience(II)].

Objectives: To perform a bibliographic review of the main features of cryotherapy as a therapeutic option in the monagemente of prostate cancer and to report our initial experience.

Methods: We employed the Endocare Fast-Trac system (Medipro) with 2.4 mm needles implanted in a single maneouvre without rack or transrectal U.

[Cryotherapy III, Bibliographic review. Our experience (I)].

Objectives: To perform a bibliographic review of the main features of cryotherapy as a therapeutic option in the managemente of prostate cancer and to report our initial experience.

Methods: We employed the Endocare Fast-Trac system (Medipro) with 2,4 mm needles implanted in a single maneouvre without rack or transrectal US transducer support. Two cycles of freezing--hawing were employed, with apex backward movement when necessary.

[Cryobiology and pathologic lesions induced by freezing-thawing processes in prostatic tissue. Second part].

Cryosurgery is an emerging technology consisting on controlled freezing of tissues. Good results, maintained in the long-term, have been referred in the treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma. A role as possible substitute of partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal adenocarcinomas smaller than 4-5 cm is under research.

[Treatment of upper urinary tract tumors. Report of our experience].

Objectives: The objective of this article is to perform a comprehensive exposition of the various non-endourological treatment options for upper urinary tract tumors in order to set the bases to choose the most adequate surgical indication depending on tumors' and patients' characteristics; we consider the various surgical approaches, and the historic evolution from the classic indication established by Albarran (radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff) to the current ones more conservative. We also consider the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of these tumors.

Methods/results: We refer to the conclusions of various authors and their large series published in the literature, series considered classic already, and provide support adding our experience by reviewing 223 patients treated from 1977 to 2003 with a mean follow-up of 45 months (maximum 238 months).

[Technical principles of prostatic cryosurgery (Part 1)].

Objectives: Cryosurgery is defined as in situ freezing of tissues. Criosurgery in the treatment of prostate cancer aims to: 1- Eliminate all the glandular tissues and completely destroy the adenocarcinoma, 2- With a minimum number of complications. a) Preserving neighbour structures: bladder neck, striated sphincter, and rectum.

[Acute obstructive kidney failure after kidney transplantation caused by calculi transfer from donor].

Objectives: To report one case of lithiasis transference from the donor associated with renal transplant.

Methods: 53-year-old female with obstructive uropathy within the first post transplant month.

Results/conclusions: Lithiasis transference after transplant is a cause of early obstructive uropathy after kidney transplantation.

[Acute renal failure as the beginning of glandular cystitis. Review of the bibliography].

Objectives: To report one clinical case of obstructive uropathy secondary to bladder pseudotumor.

Methods: We report the case of a 74-year-old male with obstructive acute renal failure of unknown etiology.

Results: After resolution of the acute renal failure by percutaneous nephrostomy, action was undertaken to control possible etiologic causes, resolving the bilateral ureter entrapment and bladder inflammatory process.

[Recurrent spontaneous bladder rupture associated with alcohol abuse: presentation of a new case].

Objective: Idiopathic spontaneous bladder rupture is a low incidence clinical entity. We perform a literature review and report a recurrent case, with special attention to its physiopathology mainly if associated with alcohol abuse.

Methods: We report the case of a patient with recurrent spontaneous bladder rupture associated with alcohol abuse.