Proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from human mature milk and colostrum of mothers with term, late preterm, or very preterm delivery.

The growth and development of the human brain is a long and complex process that requires a precise sequence of genetic and molecular events. This begins in the third week of gestation with the differentiation of neural progenitor cells and extends at least until late adolescence, possibly for life. One of the defects of this development is that we know very little about the signals that modulate this sequence of events.

Human Breast Milk microRNAs, Potential Players in the Regulation of Nervous System.

Human milk is the biological fluid with the highest exosome amount and is rich in microRNAs (miRNAs). These are key regulators of gene expression networks in both normal physiologic and disease contexts, miRNAs can influence many biological processes and have also shown promise as biomarkers for disease. One of the key aspects in the regeneration of the nervous system is that there are practically no molecules that can be used as potential drugs.

Effects of Hypothermia and Allopurinol on Oxidative Status in a Rat Model of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality during the neonatal period, despite treatment with hypothermia. There is evidence that oxidative damage plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Our aim was to investigate whether postnatal allopurinol administration in combination with hypothermia would reduce oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in an animal model of HIE.

Drug testing in biological samples vs. maternal surveys for the detection of substance use during whole pregnancy.

Background: Early diagnosis of nicotine, ethanol and drug use during pregnancy is critical in order to provide adequate care. Current screening procedures show limitations in terms of reliability and short windows of detection.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and identify biomarkers of substance use and changes in substance use during pregnancy.

Accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin on covered skin in preterm and term newborns receiving phototherapy using a JM-105 bilirubinometer.

Objective: Determine the suitability of transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) as a tool to assess the effectiveness of phototherapy on patched skin.

Study Design: A prospective observational study was conducted. We covered a fragment of skin (sternum) with a photo-opaque patch.

Appendicitis or non-specific abdominal pain in pre-school children: When to request abdominal ultrasound?

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the most useful diagnostic tools to differentiate appendicitis from non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP) in pre-school children.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated all children aged 5 years or younger admitted for suspected appendicitis at a paediatric emergency department during 5 years. Cases of NSAP and appendicitis were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The Practicality of Feeding Defatted Human Milk in the Treatment of Congenital Chylothorax.

Congenital chylothorax (CC) is a rare and life-threating condition. Since its treatment is founded on the elimination of long-chain fatty acids from the diet, breastfeeding has been traditionally contraindicated. However, breast milk could be very beneficial due to its immunological and nutritional benefits.

Value of Fibrinogen to Discriminate Appendicitis from Nonspecific Abdominal Pain in Preschool Children.

Introduction:  The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the biomarker fibrinogen (FB), along with the markers white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and C-reactive protein (CRP), to discriminate appendicitis from nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP) in preschool children.

Materials And Methods:  We prospectively evaluated all children aged <5 years admitted for suspected appendicitis at an academic pediatric emergency department during 5 years. Diagnostic accuracy of FB (prothrombin time-derived method), WBC, ANC, and CRP were assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic curve.

Topiramate plus Cooling for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Double-Blinded Trial.

Background And Objectives: Therapeutic interventions to improve the efficacy of whole-body cooling for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are desirable. Topiramate has been effective in reducing brain damage in experimental studies. However, in the clinical setting information is limited to a small number of feasibility trials.

Acylcarnitine profile in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: The value of butyrylcarnitine as a prognostic marker.

Optimal prognostic markers evaluating early neuroprotective interventions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are lacking. This study was designed to assess the prognostic value of acylcarnitines in neonatal HIE.An observational cohort study was conducted over 10 years in 67 HIE.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization: Sensitivity and Specificity using a Criteria Checklist for Genetic Test Performance.

Background: Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a molecular analysis method for identifying chromosomal anomalies or copy number variants (CNVs) correlating with clinical phenotypes. The aim of our study was to identify the most significant clinical variables associated with a positive outcome of aCGH analyses to develop a simple predictive clinical score.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in a tertiary center comparing the genotype and phenotype of the cases.

Evolution of Energy Related Metabolites in Plasma from Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy during Hypothermia Treatment.

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) initiated within 6 h from birth is the most effective therapeutic approach for moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, underlying mechanisms and effects on the human metabolism are not yet fully understood. This work aims at studying the evolution of several energy related key metabolites in newborns with HIE undergoing TH employing gas chromatography - mass spectrometry.

[Appendicitis versus nonspecific acute abdominal pain: diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound].

Purpouse: The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound to differentiate appendicitis from nonspecific acute abdominal pain, that is the most common process requiring differential diagnosis in clinical practice.

Material And Methods: Patients admitted for suspicion of appendicitis were prospectively evaluated in our hospital during two years (2013-2014). Cases of nonspecific acute abdominal pain and appendicitis assessed by ultrasound were enrolled in the study.

Prenatal Therapy with Magnesium Sulfate and Its Correlation with Neonatal Serum Magnesium Concentration.

Introduction:  Antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO) administration has shown to be effective in minimizing cerebral palsy and severe motor dysfunction at the age of 2 years. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the magnesium dose delivered to the mother and the magnesium concentration in the neonates.

Materials And Methods:  A prospective cohort study was conducted on neonates of less than 32 weeks' gestation admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of University Hospital Complex of Vigo from December 2012 to July 2015.

[Oxidative stress in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy].

Birth asphyxia is one of the principal causes of early neonatal death. In survivors it may evolve to hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and major long-term neurological morbidity. Prolonged and intense asphyxia will lead to energy exhaustion in tissues exclusively dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as the central nervous system.

Newborn screening for Fabry disease in the north-west of Spain.

Unlabelled: Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by the impairment of α-galactosidase A. Enzyme replacement therapy is available to treat patients, who often experience delayed diagnosis. A newborn screening for Fabry disease was performed to study the prevalence of the pathology and to evaluate the possibility to implement the test in systematic screenings.

Influence of catch up growth on spatial learning and memory in a mouse model of intrauterine growth restriction.

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and rapid postnatal weight gain or catch up growth (CUG) increase the susceptibility to metabolic syndrome during adult life. Longitudinal studies have also revealed a high incidence of learning difficulties in children with IUGR. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and CUG on learning memory in an IUGR animal model.

[Risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip in patients subjected to the external cephalic version].

Introduction: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) refers to the spectrum of abnormalities of maturation and development of the hip. Breech presentation is associated with DDH. This risk factor can be modified by external cephalic version (ECV).

[Appendicitis versus non-specific acute abdominal pain: Paediatric Appendicitis Score evaluation].

Introduction: Non-specific acute abdominal pain is the most common process requiring differential diagnosis with appendicitis in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the Paediatric Appendicitis Score in differentiating between these two entities.

Material And Methods: All patients admitted due to suspicion of appendicitis were prospectively evaluated in our hospital over a two-year period.

Diagnostic accuracy of fibrinogen to differentiate appendicitis from nonspecific abdominal pain in children.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the biomarker fibrinogen (FB), along with the more traditional markers white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and C-reactive protein (CRP), to discriminate appendicitis from nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP) in children.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated all children aged 5 to 15 years admitted for suspected appendicitis at an academic pediatric emergency department during 2 years. Diagnostic accuracy of FB (prothrombin time-derived method), WBC, ANC, and CRP was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve.

[Prenatal treatment with magnesium sulphate: Initial clinical outcomes in pre-term infants less than 29 weeks and correlation with neonatal magnesium levels].

Introduction: Antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) administration has shown to be effective in minimising cerebral palsy and severe motor dysfunction at the age of 2 years. The aim of this study is to analyse the initial clinical outcome of preterm neonates less than 29 weeks who have received prenatal MgSO, as well as to determine the relationship between the magnesium dose delivered to the mother and the magnesium concentration in the neonates.

Material And Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on neonates of less than 29 weeks gestation admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Hospital Universitario de Vigo from December 2012 to July 2015.